HORTICULCULTURE PEST CONTROL Category 2b A study guide for Commercial Applicators Oct. 2007 - Ohio Department of Agriculture - Pesticide Regulation 1 Horticulture Pest Management INTRODUCTION........................................................V During Spraying ...................................................... 24 After Spraying......................................................... 24 CHAPTER1:INTEGRATEDPESTMANAGEMENT Granular Applications .................................................. 24 Integrated Pest Management Field Operations ........................................................... 24 Field Scouting, Monitoring........................................9 Global Positioning System and Control Strategies ..........................................................10 Geographical Information System........................... 24 Economic Thresholds.....................................................10 Cultural Control........................................................10 CHAPTER4:CALIBRATION Biological Control ....................................................11 Introduction .................................................................. 25 Chemical Control.....................................................13 Calibration of Sprayers................................................. 25 Variables that Determine the Spray Rate ................ 25 CHAPTER2:MINIMIZINGPESTICIDEIMPACT Precalibration Check of Nozzle Output................... 26 State and Federal Laws .................................................15 Spray Pattern Uniformity ........................................ 26 Guidelines for Selecting and Using Pesticides..............15 Broadcast Sprayer Calibration................................. 27 Protecting Our Groundwater.........................................16 Amount of Pesticide to Add to Tank....................... 28 Keeping Pesticides out of Groundwater and Granular Application Calibration............................ 28 Surface Water ..........................................................16 Protecting Non-target Organisms..................................17 CHAPTER5:FRUITINSECTMANAGEMENT Potential for Pesticide Resistance .................................18 Growth and Development............................................. 30 The Development of Resistance ..............................18 Considerations for Pest Management ........................... 31 Resistance Management ..........................................19 Insect Pests of Tree Fruit ............................................. 31 Notifying Neighbors .....................................................19 Apple Maggot.......................................................... 31 Borers ...................................................................... 31 CHAPTER3: APPLICATIONEQUIPMENT Coddling Moth ........................................................ 33 Methods of Application ................................................20 Green Fruitworms ................................................... 34 Types of Sprayers .........................................................20 Mites........................................................................ 34 Parts of a Sprayer ..........................................................21 Insect Pests of Grapes................................................... 35 Tanks........................................................................21 Climbing Cutworms ................................................ 35 Agitators ..................................................................21 Grape Berry Moth ................................................... 35 Pumps ......................................................................21 Grape Leafhopper.................................................... 36 Strainers ...................................................................22 Insect Pests of Strawberries.......................................... 37 Hoses........................................................................22 Mites........................................................................ 37 Pressure Regulators .................................................22 Strawberry Clipper .................................................. 37 Pressure Gauge ........................................................22 Tarnished Plant Bug................................................ 38 Nozzles ....................................................................23 Operation and Maintenance of Sprayers.......................23 Before Spraying.......................................................23 4 CHAPTER6:FRUITDISEASEMANAGEMENT CHAPTER8:VERTEBRATEMANAGEMENT Introduction...................................................................39 Introduction .................................................................. 53 Fungi .............................................................................39 Birds ............................................................................. 53 Bacteria .........................................................................40 Voles............................................................................. 54 Viruses ..........................................................................40 White-Tailed Deer........................................................ 55 Disease Triangle............................................................40 Disease Cycle................................................................40 CHAPTER9:VEGETABLEINSECTMANAGEMENT Disease Management ....................................................41 Growth and Development............................................. 56 Cultural Control ............................................................41 Consideration for Pest Management............................. 57 Biological Control ...................................................41 Insect pests of Cucurbits............................................... 57 Chemical Control.....................................................41 Aphids ..................................................................... 57 Diseases of Pome Fruit .................................................41 Cucumber Beetles ................................................... 57 Fire Blight of Apples and Pears...............................41 Squash Bug.............................................................. 58 Diseases of Apples........................................................42 Insect Pests of Corn (Sweet)......................................... 58 Apple Scab...............................................................42 Corn Flea Beetle...................................................... 59 Powdery Mildew......................................................43 European Corn Borer .............................................. 59 Diseases of Stone Fruit .................................................43 Corn Earworm......................................................... 60 Brown Rot................................................................43 Fall Armyworm....................................................... 61 Sooty Blotch and FlySpeck......................................44 Insect Pests of Onions .................................................. 61 Diseases of Peach..........................................................44 Onion Maggot ......................................................... 61 Bacterial Spot...........................................................44 Onion Thrips ........................................................... 62 Peach Leaf Curl .......................................................44 Insect Pests of Tomatoes .............................................. 62 Diseases of Grape .........................................................45 Colorado Potato Beetle............................................ 62 Black Rot .................................................................45 Tomato Hornworm.................................................. 62 Powdery Mildew......................................................45 Tomato Fruitworm .................................................. 63 Phomopsis Cane and Leaf Spot ...............................46 General Vegetable Insect Pests..................................... 63 Diseases of Strawberry..................................................46 Seedcorn Maggot..................................................... 63 Botrytis Fruit Rot or Gray Mold..............................46 Black Root Rot ........................................................47 CHAPTER10:VEGETABLEDISEASEMANAGMENT Leather Rot ..............................................................47 Introduction .................................................................. 64 Fungi............................................................................. 64 CHAPTER7:NEMATODEMANAGEMENT Bacteria......................................................................... 64 Introduction...................................................................48 Viruses.......................................................................... 65 Plant-Parasitic Nematodes ............................................48 Disease Triangle ........................................................... 65 Sampling Nematode Populations..................................49 Disease Cycle ............................................................... 67 Management of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes ..................49 Disease Management...................................................