Environmental Environmental Measures to Prevent Global Warming What is the JR East Group Doing to Prevent Global Warming? In an effort to reduce its CO2 emission levels, the JR East Group promotes greater energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy. It also is promoting intermodal transportation, aimed at reducing CO2 emissions of the country's entire transportation system. Transportation volume (billion car-km) Energy flows of JR East Reducing energy consumption in Trend in energy consumption for train Measures to Prevent operations versus transportation volume Energy consumption for train operations (billion MJ) Energy consumption per unit of transportation train operations volume (MJ/car-km) Global Warming (Billion car-km) (Billion MJ) (MJ/car-km) Inputs/Outputs Electricity sources Energy consumption By the end of fiscal 2004, JR East had 9,410 2.2 50 20.6 (4%reduction) 21 (10%reduction) 19.7 (9%reduction) (11%reduction) (13%reduction) Energy supply and consumption energy-saving railcars in operation. This 18.8 17.9 City gas, kerosene, 18.6 18.3 JR East thermal plant Conventional railway lines (15%reduction) The energy consumed by JR East consists of elec- class C heavy oil amounts to 76% of the entire railcar fleet. 17.5 2.44 billion kWh 39% 3.11 billion kWh 50% Electricity trical and non-electrical power. Electrical power Shinkansen lines We are steadily replacing railcars on conven- 1.29 million t-CO2 *2 2.1 25 15 6.19 44.0 comes from electrical utility companies and JR 1.10 billion kWh 8% tional lines with energy-saving railcars equipped 43.1 JR East hydropower plants billion kWh 41.0 40.6 40.5 39.3 Stations, offices, etc. East's own power plants, and is used to operate 1.06 billion kWh 17% with regenerative brakes and VVVF inverter con- Other fossil fuels, etc. 56.2 2.14 1.37 billion kWh 22% 2.19 2.18 2.21 2.20 ( billion MJ ) *1 2.19 our trains, as well as powering light and air condi- Supplied to other companies trols. For Shinkansen lines, as well, besides *1 Purchased 2.0 0 tioning in stations, offices, and elsewhere. Non- 1.13 million t-CO2 0.61 billion kWh 10% making railcars that are lighter and more 9 2.69 billion kWh 44% '90 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 Target Value electrical energy comes from diesel oil, kerosene, energy-efficient, we are working in other ways (base year) for '05 Diesel, kerosene, class Crude oil equivalent Conventional railway lines etc., and is used for diesel vehicles as well as air such as to reduce air resistance with more A heavy oil, natural gas 91 29 thousand k thousand k conditioning at stations and in offices. Stations, offices, etc. streamlined designs. 0.21 million t-CO2 3.5 In fiscal 2004, we continued efforts to increase ( billion MJ ) 62 thousand k These energy-saving measures affecting the efficiency and reduce energy consumption. The operation of railcars reduced energy consump- Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake in October 2004 tion per unit of transport by 13% in fiscal 2004 forced a shut-down of the Shinano River Changes in energy consumption compared to fiscal 1990. (billion MJ) For stations and office buildings Hydraulic Power Plant, which supplies electricity 60 58.6 59.0 For operation of Shinkansen lines 56.4 56.5 For operation of conventional lines to the Tokyo metropolitan area; the necessary 55.6 54.2 Developing the NE Train E231 series: VVVF railcars that are E2 series: VVVF railcars for Asama E531 series: New trains also use 50 14.8 16.0 the new standard cars for and Hayate Shinkansen trains. VVVF system (e.g., newly operating replacement by generation from fossil fuels 15.4 15.9 15.1 14.8 In the pursuit of further improvements in railcar commuter and suburban train routes on the Joban Line in July 2005). (27%) resulted in an increase in CO2 emissions by 40 9.2 energy efficiency, we have developed a prototype 11.3 10.6 10.4 10.8 10.0 190,000 tons over the previous fiscal year. 30 (18%) "New Energy (NE) Train," the world's first hybrid Regenerative brakes Energy-saving railcars: Growing in number railcar system,*2 and started test runs in May Energy-saving railcars Conventional railcars 20 Electricity is generated during braking Diesel railcars for Diesel railcars for 34.6 2003. This new system is expected to reduce conventional lines conventional lines Efforts to Boost Energy 31.8 30.4 30.2 29.7 29.4 (54%) In energy-saving trains, this system makes motors Shinkansen cars Shinkansen cars 10 function as electrical generators when brakes are energy consumption by about 20% compared to Electric railcars for Electric railcars for Efficiency applied. Electricity generated is returned to the conventional lines conventional lines 0 conventional trains. Future development plans overhead wires. (In conventional trains the energy (Railcars) '90 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 generated during braking is simply dissipated as heat.) 13,000 Changes in energy consumption include the use of fuel cells for this system. 106 87 Note: Energy consumption for electricity purchased from outside and generated at JR-East hydropower plants was calculated from the 111 97 88 12,000 252 In fiscal 2004, JR East consumed 54.2 billion constant 9.42 MJ/kWh. Energy consumption by JR East thermal power plant and "other fuels" was calculated from actual fuel consumption. 574 468 400 348 Acceleration Overhead wire megajoules (MJ) of energy. Resulting CO2 emis- Changes in total CO2 emissions 2,943 2,644 JR East thermal plant 3,429 3,953 sions amounted to 2.39 million tons-CO2, an (million t-CO2) Purchased electricity 10,000 76% 3.12 4,374 3 Other fuels 72% 9,410 increase of 7 percentage points from the previous 0.38 Emission volume equivalent to 68% 444 2.66 2.63 JR East energy consumption fiscal year. 2.52 2.54 63% 444 834 0.27 2.41 0.21 8,000 435 0.24 0.23 Motor 59% 834 In this context, we will be completing repairs 0.22 Overhead wires supply electricity to 473 710 Target:Target: 1.11 power the motors that drive the train. 2 436 612 80% on the earthquake-damaged hydropower plant by 1.20 1.13 572 1.16 1.16 6,000 the spring of 2006; we will also continue to intro- 1.14 Braking (generating electricity) Preceding train duce energy-saving railcars in order to reduce 2.76 2.39 2.44 2.32 2.20 1 2.29 2.20 8,132 the amount of energy used to operate our trains, 13% The NE Train, equipped with improved storage 4,000 7,535 1.63 12% 17% 16% 20% (reduction ) 20% batteries for even better performance, being tested in 7,203 (reduction ) (reduction ) (reduction ) (reduction ) (reduction ) 6,757 which currently accounts for 73% of total energy 1.19 1.15 1.29 winter conditions. 6,214 1.12 1.05 consumption. 2,000 0 Motor becomes generator '90 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 Target Value Motor functions as a generator, (base year) for '05 returns electricity to overhead wires for driving other trains, etc. 0 *CO2 emission factors for fuels and purchased electricity are from the Japan Business Federation (in its "Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment"), and the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan. '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 *1 1.13 million t-CO2: *2 6.19 billion kWh: *1 VVVF inverter *2 Hybrid railcar system To facilitate comparisons over time, we use the CO2 Equivalent to the annual electrical The variable voltage variable During normal operation, the driving motor is emission factors for fiscal 1990 from the Federation of consumption of 1.71 million frequency design (VVVF) for inverters powered by electricity generated by a diesel Electric Power Companies of Japan to arrive at this figure. households enables efficient control of motors engine. During deceleration, electricity generated It is worth noting that even if the emissions factor for fiscal without the use of electrical resistance. by regenerative brakes is stored in a battery, and 2004 is used, the calculation produces the same outcome. then can be used during acceleration. 30 JR East Group SR2005 JR East Group SR2005 31 Environmental Environmental Measures to Prevent Global Warming What is the JR East Group Doing to Prevent Global Warming? In an effort to reduce its CO2 emission levels, the JR East Group promotes greater energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy. It also is promoting intermodal transportation, aimed at reducing CO2 emissions of the country's entire transportation system. Transportation volume (billion car-km) Energy flows of JR East Reducing energy consumption in Trend in energy consumption for train Measures to Prevent operations versus transportation volume Energy consumption for train operations (billion MJ) Energy consumption per unit of transportation train operations volume (MJ/car-km) Global Warming (Billion car-km) (Billion MJ) (MJ/car-km) Inputs/Outputs Electricity sources Energy consumption By the end of fiscal 2004, JR East had 9,410 2.2 50 20.6 (4%reduction) 21 (10%reduction) 19.7 (9%reduction) (11%reduction) (13%reduction) Energy supply and consumption energy-saving railcars in operation. This 18.8 17.9 City gas, kerosene, 18.6 18.3 JR East thermal plant Conventional railway lines (15%reduction) The energy consumed by JR East consists of elec- class C heavy oil amounts to 76% of the entire railcar fleet. 17.5 2.44 billion kWh 39% 3.11 billion kWh 50% Electricity trical and non-electrical power.