Oil transport from the Russian part of the Barents Region Status per January 2007 Alexei Bambulyak and Bjørn Frantzen © WWF © The Norwegian Barents Secretariat © Akvaplan-niva AS Oil transport from the Russian part of the Barents Region. Status per January 2007 The authors, Alexei Bambulyak and Bjørn Frantzen, have been working for more than 10 years on environmental cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region with special emphasis on Russia. Frantzen lead the Norwegian Polar Institute in Svalbard, and Bambulyak was a project manager at the Karelian Information Barents Centre. From 1997 to 2005, both worked at Svanhovd Environmental Centre, they lead the Barents Council Environmental Management Program for the Murmansk Region (EMP-Murmansk), and facilitated environmental capacity building projects in Northwest Russia. Today, Alexei Bambulyak has his daily work at Akvaplan-niva as General Manager Russia, and Bjørn Frantzen works as Project Manager at Bioforsk – Soil and Environment, Svanhovd. Both are responsible for arranging cooperation between their companies and Russian environmental institutes under the Barents and bilateral Norwegian-Russian agreements. Authors and their companies have for many years closely collaborated with the Norwegian Barents Secretariat and been focused on the environmental aspect related to development of oil-and-gas industry in the Arctic regions. Frantzen and Bambulyak have personally visited many of the sites described in this report, had meetings with environmental authorities, petroleum and transport companies working in the region. The present work also describes their experience undertaken in this sphere. Vidar Bakken – Design of cover page Morten Günther – Edition of maps Paul Renaud – Proof-reading English text Anatoly Stikhin – Text translation from Norwegian to English The Norwegian Barents Secretariat serves the Norwegian-Russian relations in the north and provides grants to projects. The Barents Secretariat in Kirkenes, Norway was established in the aftermath of the signing of the Kirkenes Declaration in 1993. Today, the primary task of the Barents Secretariat is to assist the Barents Regional Council, Norwegian Authorities and www.barents.no other major regional structures. The Secretariat has an extensive network of contacts and cooperates closely with EU institutions and international organisations. The Secretariat has information centres in Russia – in Petrozavodsk, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, and Naryan-Mar. Akvaplan-niva is a private company owned by NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research. Akvaplan-niva provides consultancy, research and laboratory services in environment and aquaculture to companies, authorities, NGO's and other customer worldwide. Akvaplan-niva has been working in Russia since the late 1980s, and developed www.akvaplan.com an extensive network with Russian environmental institutes and companies, as well as Russian authorities and business. In 2006, Akvaplan-niva established a subsidiary company in Murmansk, Akvaplan-niva Barents. Bioforsk, the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, is a national R&D institute under the Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Bioforsk Soil and Environment have national responsibility for the research areas as soil, environment and resources. The department at Svanhovd works with issues related to natural resources, environment and agriculture in the Barents Region, as well as Norwegian www.bioforsk.no and Russian environmental cooperation. The report can be ordered from the Norwegian Barents Secretariat and Akvaplan-niva. Front page: Recommended citation: 1 © Sevmash Bambulyak, A. and Frantzen, B. (2007). Oil transport 2 © Norwegian Coastal Administration from the Russian part of the Barents Region. Status per 3 © Vadim Krasnopolsky, WWF 4 © Bjørn Frantzen, Bioforsk Svanhovd January 2007. The Norwegian Barents Secretariat and 5 © Lukoil Akvaplan-niva, Norway. 2 Oil transport from the Russian part of the Barents Region. Status per January 2007 Contents: 1 SUMMARY...............................................................................................................................................................................5 2 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................................6 3 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA.....................................................................................................................8 3.1 OIL AND GAS RESERVES..............................................................................................................................................8 3.1.1 THE CONTINENTAL SHELF...............................................................................................................................9 3.1.2 OIL AND GAS RESERVES IN THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE BARENTS REGION .................................10 3.2 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................13 3.2.1 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE BARENTS REGION..........................13 3.3 OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION PLANS......................................................................................................................14 3.3.1 OIL PRODUCTION PLANS IN THE RUSSIAN PART OF THE BARENTS REGION ...............................15 3.3.2 OIL PRODUCTION PROSPECTS FOR THE RUSSIAN WESTERN ARCTIC SHELF................................15 3.3.2 GAS PRODUCTION PROSPECTS FOR THE RUSSIAN WESTERN ARCTIC SHELF...............................16 4 OIL AND GAS TRANSPORT ............................................................................................................................................18 4.1 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA .............................................................................................................................20 4.1.1 RAILWAYS............................................................................................................................................................22 4.1.2 INLAND WATER-WAYS....................................................................................................................................25 4.1.3 SEA TRANSPORTATION ...................................................................................................................................26 4.1.4 TRUNK PIPELINES..............................................................................................................................................29 4.2 OIL TRANSPORTATION ROUTES IN THE BARENTS REGION......................................................................... 34 4.2.1 THE LAPTEV SEA................................................................................................................................................36 4.2.2 THE KARA SEA....................................................................................................................................................37 4.2.3 THE PECHORA SEA............................................................................................................................................39 4.2.4 THE WHITE SEA..................................................................................................................................................44 4.2.5 THE BARENTS SEA, RUSSIA.............................................................................................................................49 4.2.6 THE BARENTS SEA, NORWAY ........................................................................................................................55 3 Oil transport from the Russian part of the Barents Region. Status per January 2007 5 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY...........................................................................................................................................61 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OIL TRANSHIPMENT....................................................................61 5.2 OIL TRANSPORTATION MONITORING AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM ......................................64 5.2.1 OIL TRANSPORTATION FROM NORTHWEST RUSSIA AND NORWEGIAN COAST EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................................................64 5.2.2 VARDØ VESSEL TRAFFIC CENTRE ................................................................................................................69 5.2.3 NEW ROUTING FOR TANKERS IN NORWAY .............................................................................................70 5.2.4 NORWEGIAN–RUSSIAN COOPERATION IN OIL POLLUTION ABATEMENT AND MARITIME SAFETY .............................................................................................................................................................................71 5.3 ACCIDENTAL OIL POLLUTION................................................................................................................................72 5.3.1 THE SERVER DISASTER.....................................................................................................................................73 5.3.2 OIL POLLUTION AND RESPONSE IN THE RUSSIAN BARENTS REGION ............................................77 6 CONCLUSIONS...................................................................................................................................................................80