VAC ZAMBIA Vulnerability Assessment Committee In-Depth Vulnerability and Needs Assessment Report June 2015 Zambia Vulnerability Assessment Committee 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 14 1.1. Background ......................................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Scope of the In-Depth Vulnerability and Needs Assessment .................................................. 15 1.4. Limitations of the Survey ....................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 17 2.1. Identifying Areas to be assessed ............................................................................................. 17 2.2. Target Population ................................................................................................................... 18 2.3. Food Needs Computation ....................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER THREE: CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 22 3.1. The Economy .......................................................................................................................... 22 3.2. Agriculture and Food Security ............................................................................................... 22 3.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 Nutrition .................................................................................................................................. 28 3.5. Water and Sanitation .............................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS ................................................................................................... 33 4.1 General Demographics ............................................................................................................ 33 4.2. Vulnerability and Hazards ...................................................................................................... 34 4.3. Early Warning ........................................................................................................................ 34 4.4. Livelihoods ............................................................................................................................. 34 4.5. Agriculture and Food Security ............................................................................................... 38 4.6. Expenditure Share .................................................................................................................. 41 4.7. Food Consumption Scores (FCS) ........................................................................................... 43 4.8. Coping Strategy Index (CSI) .................................................................................................. 44 4.9. Health ..................................................................................................................................... 46 2 4.10. Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 53 Meal Consumption Pattern ............................................................................................................ 53 Nutritional Status ........................................................................................................................... 55 Child Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 55 Mothers Nutritional Status ............................................................................................................ 59 4.11. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ............................................................................................. 61 4.12. Developmental Projects and Safety Net Projects ................................................................. 69 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 70 5.1. Agriculture and Food Security ............................................................................................... 70 HEALTH ....................................................................................................................................... 71 5.3. Nutrition ................................................................................................................................. 72 5.4. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene ............................................................................................... 73 ANNEXES .................................................................................................................................... 76 Annex 1: Map Showing Districts Visited ...................................................................................... 77 Annex 2: Estimated Population of the Sampled Households per District ..................................... 78 Annex 3: Districts Selected for Provision of Relief Food by Ward .............................................. 80 Annex 4: Assessment Team Composition ..................................................................................... 81 Annex 5: Editorial Team ............................................................................................................... 85 3 Table of Figures Figure 1: Start of Season Anomaly ................................................................................................ 14 Figure 2: Soil Water Index for Maize in 2014/15 Season as at 20th March, 2015 .......................... 14 Figure 3 : Maize Production by Province for the 2013/14 and 2014/15 Seasons........................... 24 Figure 4 : Livelihood Sources by Gender ....................................................................................... 34 Figure 5: Alternative Livelihood Sources ...................................................................................... 35 Figure 6: Asset Wealth Index - 2014 and 2015 ............................................................................... 36 Figure 7: Asset Wealth Categorization by Gender ......................................................................... 37 Figure 8 : Asset Wealth Categorization by Employment Status .................................................... 38 Figure 9: Type of Livestock Kept by Households ............................................................................ 40 Figure 10: Expenditure Share ......................................................................................................... 41 Figure 11 : Expenditure Share by Gender ...................................................................................... 42 Figure 12: Food Consumption Score by Gender ............................................................................ 43 Figure 13: Food Consumption Score by Marital Status ................................................................. 44 Figure 14: Food Consumption Score by Asset Wealth .................................................................. 44 Figure 15: Diseases that Affected Assessed Households in Q1 of 2015 ........................................ 46 Figure 16: Health Care Seeking Behaviour by Disease ................................................................. 47 Figure 17: Reasons for poor health seeking patterns ...................................................................... 47 Figure 18: Diseases by Water Source ............................................................................................. 48 Figure 19: Diseases by Water Treatment ....................................................................................... 49 Figure 20: Diseases by Distance to Water Source .......................................................................... 51 Figure 21: Diseases that the Under 5 Suffered from ...................................................................... 51 Figure 22: Immunization Rates ...................................................................................................... 52 Figure 23: Meals consumed Preceding Day and Normal Meals .................................................... 54 Figure 24: Children enrolled in Child feeding programme 3 months prior the survey .................. 56 Figure 25: Child Nutritional Status ................................................................................................ 57 Figure 26: Nutrition Status of Women ........................................................................................... 59 Figure 27: Women Nutritional status by Household size ..............................................................