International Journal of Research and Review Vol.7; Issue: 10; October 2020 Website: www.ijrrjournal.com Research Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Profile of Pig Farming in Bitung City of North Sulawesi Nansi Margret Santa1, Merry Adelien Veibe Manese2, 3 Poulla Oliva Viviaan Waleleng 1 Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Nansi Margret Santa ABSTRACT districts in the city of Bitung, it is known that in 2018, the pig population was the This study aims to analyze the profile of pig highest, which was 27,525 heads, followed farming, such as a) the social characteristics of by cattle and goats [1]. Although it is an pig farmers, b) the economic characteristics of industrial area because it is supported by sea pig farming (pig farm income and the factors ports, the agricultural sector contributes to that influence it), and c) the productivity characteristics of pig farming (the number of pig the regional economy at 24.03%, including mating per year, the litter size and the number of the pig farming business. Pig farms in the weaned piglets). This study used a survey city of Bitung are generally traditionally method for pig farmers in Ranowulu, Matuari, maintained side businesses, but contribute to Girian and Aertembaga, by taking 20 pig farms household income which is 28.5% of total with a total of 80 samples. The results showed household income [2]. that the social characteristics of pig farmers in Livestock managed by rural Bitung City were 50% of farmers aged 40-57 communities is generally a side business, years old, there were 45% of farmers who with low numbers of livestock (under 10 graduated from junior high school, and there heads), not oriented to the market demand were 45% who had more than 15 years of for meat products, and only a few farmer farming experience. The economic characteristics of pig farmers are shown by the groups develop agribusiness systems and total profit of pig farming, which is IDR8, businesses. Even though the business of 783,674 or 26.39% of the total household livestock is still a mainstay as a source of income. The factors that influence the total income, meat producers as well as providers income of pig farming are the amount of pig of employment [3-7]. Other studies state that production, feed costs, depreciation costs of pig farms managed by the community can cage and social costs. The productivity be categorized as breeding and fattening characteristics of pigs are shown by the number businesses with limited numbers of of pigs mating per year is 2.5 times, the litter livestock ownership[8]. size is 10.5 pigs, and the number of weaned However, there are three categories piglets is 9 pigs. of pig farming: breeding, fattening and [9] Keywords: pig farming, economic combination breeding-fattening . characteristics, social characteristics, Furthermore, there are factors in the socio- productivity characteristics economic characteristics of farmers, played an important role in managing the business, [10] INTRODUCTION including pig farming . Other Pig farming is a promising characteristics that are not less important in agricultural sub-sector to be developed in pig farming are the role of pig farmers often [11] the city of Bitung. Based on data on the taken by their wives . The characteristics number of livestock from several sub- of farmers will later form the mindset of International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 167 Vol.7; Issue: 10; October 2020 Nansi Margret Santa et.al. Profile of pig farming in Bitung City of North Sulawesi farmers in handling the livestock cultivation Where process that can reflect the success of their Y = total income (IDR/year) business. The socio-economic X1 = amount of production (kg/year) characteristics of farmers, such as age, X2 = feed cost (IDR/year), education level, business experience, X3 = labor cost (IDR/year), number of household members, are also X4 = cage depreciation cost (IDR/year) important in pig farming. Based on this X5 = social cost (IDR/year) description, this study aims to analyze the profile of pig farming, such as a) the social RESULT AND DISCUSSION characteristics of pig farmers, b) the The Social Characteristics of Farmers economic characteristics of pig farming (pig Characteristics of farmers included farm income and the factors that influence breeders' profile, age, education level, it), and c) the productivity characteristics of breeding experience, number of household pig farming (number of pigs mating per members, and membership in pig farmers year, the number of piglets born for each groups. The distribution of age of pig sow, the number of piglets weaned). farmers in Bitung City, North Sulawesi Province is in the range of 35-49 years, then MATERIALS & METHODS pig farmers are at most 40-57 years old, Sampling Methods and Data Collection around 50.0%, and at least <35 years old This research was conducted in around 10%. This situation explains that pig Bitung City in July-September 2019 using a farmers have the physical ability to run a pig survey method on 80 pig farmers in farm. The results of in-depth interviews Ranowulu, Matuari, Girian and were informed that the farmer who was>57 Aertembaga, using the multistage random years old had no longer run a pig farm but sampling method [12]. Primary data were had left the business to his son. Therefore, obtained from pig breeding models using pig farm business is often an inheritance or interview methods, while secondary data business that has been carried out from farm were obtained from Department Food households for generations. Security and Agriculture Agency of Bitung The level of education of farmers City and also related institutions. that farmers who completed their education Statistical Analysis in Junior High School were the most in The research objective was to determine the Bitung City, around 45.0%. Based on these social characteristics of pig farmers and the conditions it can be seen that pig farmers are productivity of pigs, analyzed using quite able to absorb information about pig descriptive methods, while to determine the farms that they can obtain through print and total income of pig farming and the factors electronic media. The education level of that influence it, using the following breeders 'wives in this study was included as equations [13]. one of the variables because there was one phenomenon that pig farms were generally π = TR-TC………………….………… (1) managed by farmers' wives. This situation is Where, π = revenue, TR = total related to the fact that farmers work on their revenue, and TC = total cost. Furthermore, main business such as corn and coconut the following multiple regression equation farming, while the farmer's wife works on with natural logarithms is used to analyze the side business of the household. The the factors that affect the income of pig education level of the pig farmers' wives in farming, then the econometric analysis is Bitung City is 55.0% which completed their carried out using the eviews 9.0 program. education in Junior High Schools. The business experience of pig Y=a+a1X1+a2X2+a3X3+a4X4+a5X5+u1…… farmers can be determined based on how …......................................................(2) long the farmers use to manage pig farms. International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 168 Vol.7; Issue: 10; October 2020 Nansi Margret Santa et.al. Profile of pig farming in Bitung City of North Sulawesi The pig farmers in Bitung city on average piglets, is also due to the low knowledge of have been cultivating pigs for 15 years. Pig farmers about the management of nursing farming is a side business because in their sows. Farmers generally only provide feed daily lives they only spend around 2 hours for sows, but they do not handle the piglets per day, which is 1 hour in the morning and after birth, such as keeping the piglets in evening to clean the cage and bathe the pigs. order to get enough milk from the sows The number of children attending even though there are nipples that are no school in farm households averages 2 longer actively producing milk. children. With family members attending school, farmers will be increasingly The Economic Characteristics of Pig motivated to increase family income to meet Farming the school's needs of children. Until now, Based on the results of research and pig farming is one way to save for farmers. calculations on the characteristics of pig Pigs are still considered to be savings that farming, it can be seen that the amount of can be taken to be used when needed. Based revenue and costs in pig farming is on the results of in-depth interviews with described in table 1 below. farmers, it was found that there were farmers who could send their children to Table 1: Revenue and Costs of Pig Farming in Bitung City Number Information Amount (IDR/year) complete education in college, only by 1 Revenue raising pigs. Capital (sows) 15,437,500 Sales of Fattening Pigs 56,270,000 There were 22 farmers who joined Total Revenue 71,707,500 the group, while 58 other farmers did not 2 Cost join the group. Based on the results of the Fix Cost Depreciation of cage 1,670,000 study, it is known that farmers who are Variable Cost members of a group of pig farmers are a Feed 41,446,326 Labor 7,500,000 group that receives CSR funds from PT Purchase of piglets 10.920.000 MSM and TTM. In its activities, the group Social costs 1.387.500 does not have activities for business Total Cost 62.923.826 development, but is only formed based on Based on table 1, it is known that the the purpose of obtaining CSR funds from a cost of feed is 65.86%, the cost of company.