The United States BUDGET Department of the Interior JUSTIFICATIONS and Performance Information Fiscal Year 2022 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NOTICE: These budget justifications are prepared for the Interior, Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations Subcommittees. Approval for release of the justifications prior to their printing in the public record of the Subcommittee hearings may be obtained through the Office of Budget of the Department of the Interior. Printed on Recycled Paper This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank. U.S. Geological Survey Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….………... i Overview and Executive Summary………………………………………………….………….. 1 Budget at a Glance…………………………………………………………………….…………. 9 Ecosystems………………………………………………………………………….…………….. 15 Environmental Health………………………………………………………….…………..... 19 Species Management Research Program……………………………………….…………… 21 Land Management Research Program………………………………………….…………… 25 Biological Threats & Invasive Species Research Program………… ………….…………… 29 Cooperative Research Units………………………………………………….…………........ 33 Climate Adaptation Science Center & Land Change Science………………….…………… 35 Energy and Mineral Resources …………………………………………………….…………… 41 Mineral Resources Program………………………………………………….……………… 45 Energy Resources Program………………………………………………….………………. 51 Natural Hazards…………………………………………………………………….….………… 57 Earthquake Hazards Program……………………………………………………….………. 61 Volcano Hazards Program…………………………………………………………………... 65 Landslide Hazards Program…………………………………………………………………. 69 Global Seismographic Network……………………………………………….…………….. 73 Geomagnetism Program…………………………………………………………………….. 75 Coastal/Marine Hazards and Resources………………………………………….………….. 79 Water Resources……………………………………………………………………..…………… 83 Water Availability and Use Science Program……………………………………………….. 87 Groundwater and Streamflow Information Program…..………………………..…………… 93 National Water Quality Program……………………………………………………………. 99 Water Resources Rsearch Act Program……………………………………………………… 105 Core Science Systems………………………………………………………………..…………… 109 National Geospatial Program……………………………………….…………….…………. 113 National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program…………………….…………………… 117 Science Synthesis, Analysis, and Research Program…………………….…………………. 121 National Land Imaging Program……………………………………….…………………… 125 Science Support……………………………………………………………...…………………… 129 Administration and Management…………………………………………………….……… 131 Information Services………………………………………………………………….……... 135 Facilities…………………………………………………………………………………………… 137 Rental Payments and Operations and Maintenance…………………………………………. 139 Deferred Maintenance and Capital Improvement…………………………………………… 141 Working Capital Fund…………………………………………………………………………… 145 USGS Accounts…………………………………………………………………………………… 147 Account and Sundry Exhibits……………………………………………………………………. 153 2022 Budget Justifications i U.S. Geological Survey Table of Contents This page intentionally left blank. 2022 Budget Justifications ii Overview This page intentionally left blank. U.S. Geological Survey Overview and Executive Summary Overview and Executive Summary Bureau Overview The United States Geological Survey (USGS) was established in 1879 (43 U.S.C. 31) for “the classification of the public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.” In 1962, Congress amended the USGS Organic Act to include examinations outside the national domain. The USGS is the Nation’s largest water, earth, and biological science and civilian mapping agency, and is the primary Federal source of science-based information on ecosystem science, land use, energy and mineral resources, natural hazards, water use and availability, and updated maps and images for the Earth’s features available to the public. The USGS works in partnership with the Interior bureaus, other Federal agencies, Tribes, States, local jurisdictions, and the private sector to provide the best available science to provide scientific information to resource managers and planners, emergency response officials, and the public. The USGS is also a leading scientific agency on climate science, playing an essential role in understanding the Earth’s past, present, and future climate. For more than a century, the USGS has identified the local to global implications of climate change on our lands, waters, wildlife, and the lives and livelihoods of all people—including on underserved and marginalized populations. The USGS serves the public through a diverse range of activities to support 21st century science needed by decision makers to make informed land and natural resource decisions, and to support the U.S. economy and the health and safety of our Nation. Through monitoring, measuring, and observing changes to our climate, as well as modeling the impacts of past change and plausible futures, the USGS’s multi-disciplinary science brings a broad range of capabilities to address climate change, one of the greatest threats to the Nation and the world in the 21st century. USGS science on natural hazards helps keep us safe from earthquakes, landslides, volcanoes, and other hazards. As climate change increases the frequency of natural disasters and as sea levels rise, the USGS’s science on coastal change and resilience, through the Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, can continue to inform both long- and short-term planning and mitigation of impacts to our coastlines. The USGS Climate Adaptation Science Centers deliver science to help land, water, fish, and wildlife resource managers understand and adapt to a changing climate. Through activities with Native communities; climate science on Earth systems changes such as drought, wildfire, and permafrost; study of biological changes such as wildlife disease, biological threats, invasive species, and species at risk, the USGS continues to bring diverse scientific expertise toward understanding and mitigating the impacts of climate change. The American the Beautiful Initiative – A key component of the Administration’s investment strategy to address climate impacts on-the-ground through land stewardship and conservation is to leverage the power of Americans across the country. The Administration recently released a preliminary report to the National 2022 Budget Justifications 1 U.S. Geological Survey Overview and Executive Summary Climate Task Force titled Conserving and Restoring America the Beautiful, recommending a ten-year, locally led campaign to conserve and restore America’s lands and waters. The report provides an overarching framework to implement the President’s goal to conserve 30 percent of U.S. land and waters by 2030, which will help address the climate crisis and its impacts on nature, improve equitable access to the outdoors, and strengthen the economy. The report recognizes and celebrates the voluntary conservation efforts of farmers, ranchers, and forest owners; the leadership of sovereign Tribal Nations in caring for lands, waters, and wildlife; the contributions and stewardship traditions of America’s hunters, anglers, and fishing communities; and the vital importance of investing in playgrounds, trails, and open space in park- deprived communities. The “America the Beautiful” initiative is intended to serve as a call to action to support locally led conservation and restoration efforts across public, private, State, and Tribal lands and waters. The initiative welcomes all communities wishing to steward their lands and waters and boost the economy and support jobs. The guiding principles—which include a commitment to collaboration, support for voluntary and locally led conservation, and honoring of Tribal sovereignty and private property rights—are essential to building and maintaining broad support, enthusiasm, and trust for this effort. Supporting these principles, the 2022 budget includes increases across Interior to support local partnership programs, improve targeted conservation efforts, restore damaged lands, and promote locally led efforts of all kinds wherever communities wish to safeguard the lands and waters they know and love. USGS science on carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will support the America the Beautiful initiative by maximizing the ability to capture, store, and use carbon on Federal lands and by providing scenario analysis tools and inventories to support mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions on Federal lands. The ambition of 30 by 30 reflects the urgency of the challenge the Nation faces—the need to fight climate change with the natural solutions while supporting communities to ensure equitable access to clean air, clean water, and the wonders of nature. Natural resource managers depend upon USGS science to improve understanding and management of lands, waters, and wildlife to inform decisions on public health and environmental stewardship. The Nation also relies on USGS science to understand the location, supply, and use of energy and mineral resources, which are critical to the U.S. economy and national security. Moreover, accurate, foundational geospatial data and remotely sensed imagery provided by the USGS can be applied to a variety of uses, ranging from land change science, to infrastructure management, to monitoring and responding to natural disasters. The diversity of USGS scientific expertise enables the bureau to carry out large-scale, multidisciplinary investigations and provide objective, scientific