SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 2 Summary tree showing the relationships of the species of Rhinella. This tree corresponds to the strict consensus of the most parsimonious trees from the total evidence analysis with TNT considering gaps as a fifth state (length 25,399 steps), reduced to species level relationships. The black circle indicates the node that collapses in the strict consensus. Rhinella arunco Rhinella rubropunctata Rhinella atacamensis R. arunco Group Rhinella limensis Rhinella cf. amabilis Rhinella vellardi Rhinella trifolium Rhinella spinulosa Rhinella altiperuviana Rhinella gallardoi Rhinella achalensis Rhinella papillosa R. spinulosa Group Rhinella bernardoi Rhinella dorbignyi Rhinella pygmaea Rhinella major R. marina Rhinella azarai Rhinella bergi Rhinella granulosa Rhinella mirandaribeiroi Rhinella merianae “Rhinella humboldti” R. granulosa Group Rhinella centralis Clade Rhinella beebei Rhinella horribilis-mitochondrial sequences Rhinella sp. 1-mitochondrial sequences Ghost introgressed mitochondrion Rhinella henseli Rhinella casconi Rhinella crucifer Rhinella inopina R. crucifer Group Rhinella ornata Rhinella poeppigii Rhinella veredas Rhinella marina R. marina Group Rhinella horribilis Rhinella diptycha Rhinella sp. 1 Rhinella arenarum Rhinella aff. cerradensis Rhinella rubescens Rhinella cerradensis “Rhinella icterica” Rhinella achavali Rhinella sternosignata Rhinella fissipes Rhinella rumbolli Rhinella justinianoi Rhinella quechua Rhinella veraguensis Rhinella sp. 2 Rhinella leptoscelis Rhinella inca R. veraguensis Group Rhinella manu Rhinella sp. 3 Rhinella nesiotes Rhinella tacana Rhinella lilyrodriguezae Rhinella chavin Rhinella cf. multiverrucosa Rhinella yanachaga Rhinella arborescandens Rhinella festae Rhinella cf. nicefori R. margaritifera Rhinella ruizi Rhinella sp. 4 Rhinella paraguas R. festae Group Rhinella lindae Rhinella acrolopha Rhinella tenrec Rhinella macrorhina Rhinella sp. 5 Rhinella ocellata Rhinella iserni Rhinella magnussoni Clade Rhinella sp. 6 Rhinella sp. 7 Rhinella sp. 8 Rhinella sp. 9 Rhinella sclerocephala Rhinella alata Rhinella sp. 10 Rhinella sp. 11 Rhinella sp. 12 Rhinella acutirostris Rhinella Rhinella sp. 13 Rhinella castaneotica Rhinella proboscidea Rhinella lescurei R. margaritifera Group Rhinella hoogmoedi Rhinella sp. 14 Rhinella sp. 15 Rhinella scitula Rhinella stanlaii Rhinella dapsilis 80.0 Rhinella margaritifera.