International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 11, November-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518 Analysis of revitalization of Badkhal Lake using innovative GIS technique Ruby Siddiqui, Prof Gauhar Mahmood, Dr Syed Rehan Ali Abstract-The Delhi Ridge is considered to be a water divide between arid climate of Rajasthan and semi- arid to sub-tropical climate of Indo-Gangetic Plains. Also the Delhi Ridge is the main carrier of surface runoff .But due to urbanization, the Delhi Ridge has lost its peripheral runoff, and as a result the water bodies fed by Delhi Ridge are suffering and are losing their identity. There is an utmost need for the revitalization of these water bodies which is important not only from the microclimatic point of view but also is an essential tool for the replenishment of the ground water resources .The ground water resources with the pace of deterioration of water bodies on one hand and excessive abstraction on the other hand, are getting depleted fastly and has acquired a continuous declining trend. The minimum declining of the water table is in the range of 2.5-3.5 m per year and the maximum of 6.5-7 m per year which clearly indicates need for revitalization of water bodies. There are number of water bodies in NCR which has saturated within the premises of Delhi Ridge runoff. The present study deals with the Badkhal Lake which was originally occupied by 18.7 km2 has been shrunk to 5.1 km2 which is 27.2 % of its original volume .This is because of unplanned urbanization impact. The present study deals with the analysis of revitalization of Badkhal Lake using innovative technique such as Geographical Information System (GIS) for design of watershed and catchment to acquire the the requisite amount of runoff for the proper replenishment of Badkhal lake .This study will be the modal example of revitalization of the water bodies in order to improve the geo environment in general and water resources in particular. Apart from this there are many other ideas which may be used for planners, architects, scientists, administrative officers working in this direction. Key words: Revitalization, watershed, Badkhal Indus basin particularly in Rajasthan area is Lake, GIS, runoff controlled by Aravalli Ridge. Research Scholar, Geology Department, CMJ University,Shillong,email- The Delhi Ridge is the main Hydroboundry and [email protected] which divides Yamuna basin and Indus basin. The Professor (Geology Section) Civil Engg. southern part of Delhi Ridge forms many water Department, Faculty of Engg. & technology, bodies at the southern part of Delhi and NCR. Jamia Millia Islamia,New Delhi Associate Professor & Head, Department of The pace of urbanization has disturbed the Delhi Civil Engg., Teerthankar Mahaveer ridge in general and the catchment in particular by University,Moradabad virtue of which the water bodies of historical importance started vanishing. The matter became more worse with the advent of new drilling 1. Introduction technology such as Down Throw Hammer which 1.1 General drills the tube wells quite deep in the hard rock The Delhi Ridge which is the part of Aravalli super area .With the development and growth of group has got the significant importance in population in and around Delhi ridge and in geological phenomenon in general and in historical water bodies the rate of abstraction of hydrological spectrum in particular. The Delhi groundwater gradually increased by virtue of Ridge starts from Jaipur area in the form of eskers which the grated gravel in and around historical and is responsible for the local aggradations of water bodies started declining. As a result water land area which in turn known as water right from table goes very deep and seepage losses from these desert area of Rajasthan and that of NCR in Delhi water bodies gradually increased with the pace of onwards. declining water level. In this way, the decline of water level of water bodies and seepage losses both The Aravalli Ridge is the main constituents of are responsible for deterioration of water level of Aravalli super group which is responsible to carry Badkhal Lake which has shrunken about 25-30% of all local runoff from the upland area of Jaipur to its original volume. the NCR in and around Delhi. In fact the entire IJSER © 2012 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 11, November-2012 2 ISSN 2229-5518 1.2 Badkhal Lake and urbanization. Hence the present study shall be able to solve the above mentioned problem by The Badkhal Lake is located 30 km from Delhi and innovative techniques using modern equipments lies in Faridabad District located in 28⁰25’ N and tools for the sustainable development of water latitude and 77⁰ 18’ E longitude and it is the most bodies of Badkhal Lake. important tourist place maintained by Haryana tourism. Since the area in Badkhal area is 3 . Methodology adopted surrounded by Tilput range of hard Quartzite terrain and therefore any water body of this The following methodologies were adopted in magnitude will provide the thermal comfort and order to achieve the result for the revitalization of good ambience for the tourists. The Badkhal lake Badkhal Lake: area is originally occupied by 18.7 lakh meter 1. Delineation of watershed of Badkhal lake area -The square as evident from SOI Toposheet number watershed of Badkhal lake was analysed on the 53H/7& 53H/3.However due to the disturbance its basis of Survey of India Toposheet no 53H/7 and watershed and the catchment the lake has shrunk 53H/3 in which all the major drainage system down to 5.1 lakh meter square which is actually connecting to the Badkhal lake were analysed on 27.2% of its original dimension. Currently the lake regional basis at a scale of 1:50,000 and then the carries very nominal amount of water and dries in watershed of the major drainage system were the peak summer season of May and June. further delineated. Considering the historical factor and the tourism, 2. Once the watershed were analysed the runoff revitalization of Badkhal Lake is very essential and calculation were carried out on the basis of rainfall it may be treated as National Development pattern of the area. Activity. Since the state of art at present is 3. The rainfall patterns were analyzed on the basis of governed by the modern technique such as Precipitation data available at Meteorological application of GIS, Geophysics, Hydrology and Department sources at different stations. In this Hydrogeology in order to calculate the catchment way the data from year 1910 to 2010 was analysed. delineation, mapping of watershed and losses of 4. The climatic data was analyses on the regional the lake water therefore it is imperative to apply basis from Meteorological Department sources as the latest knowledge for the subject matter. temperature, humidity and evaporation and 2. Objectives and scope of the study: likewise so that the losses from water bodies such as evaporation, evapotranspiration, seepage could 2.1 The following objectives shall be achieved for be calculated. the revitalization of water bodies in general and for 5. The prevention of runoff due to Bhatti mines were Badkhal Lake: also calculated on the basis of self investigation. 1. To delineate the catchment area of Badkhal lake in In this way the hydrologic equation I~O±Δ S was present condition. considered for the revitalization and sustainability 2. To delineate the drainage system and the modern of Badkhal Lake. watershed of this lake The above equation indicates that “I” is the inflow factor which is incoming into Badkhal lake from 3. To calculate the surface runoff with varying surrounding area and “O” is the out flow factor rainfall intensity. which is outgoing water and losses from the Badkhal lake area and thus the storage “±Δ S” has 4. Finally to provide the sustainability of the Badkhal been considered. lake with the help of delineation of systematic hydrological and hydro geological system. 2.2 Scope of the study: 4 .Description of the study area Badkhal Lake is one of the prominent water bodies The Badkhal Lake is located at latitude 28024’E in Faridabad and is deteriorating because of the longitude 77016’N.Sited at Faridabad district of disturbed catchment and watershed due to mining Haryana State and at a distance of 32 kms from IJSER © 2012 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 3, Issue 11, November-2012 3 ISSN 2229-5518 South Delhi, Badkhal Lake is placed in the eastern Temperature data for last six years from 2006 to side of vicinity of southern part of Delhi Ridge of 2011 was collected from Indian Meteorological Aravalli Super group. Badkhal Lake is a rainwater Department and an average rainfall of these six nourished lake formed between two hillocks. years was considered for calculation of water Badkhal lake which is a low lying area gets rainfall losses due to high temperature ,which depicted runoff from northern, western and south western that Pre-monsoon months are the hottest months side by Delhi ridge .An embankment is build on it recorded with a maximum temperature of 41.5 C in to control it water flow to east and south east side the months of June, July and August which is area which is densely urbanised and includes generally followed by rain and thus lowering the localities like Maharajpur,Aitmadpur,Faridabad peak temperatures which otherwise causes heavy New Town and Ballabgarh. water losses due to evaporation and evapotranspiration. 5.2 Humidity Humidity data for last six years from 2006 to 2011 was collected from Indian Meteorological Department.