~DMSION OF AGRICULTURE Agriculture and Natural Resources U~ljj RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System FSA2192 Using ArcGIS Pro: Creating Points from Coordinates Pearl Webb Introduction fertilizer application rates can be Program Associate - developed. For example, if a field ArcGIS Pro® is a geographic boundary has been developed into a Crop, Soil & Environmental information system (GIS) software Science polygon and stored into a data file platform developed by ESRI. The com- known as a shapefile, then a soil sam- pany began its development of GIS pling grid can be developed within the Mike Daniels software in the early 1990s with the boundary to guide exactly where grid Professor - release of ArcView, which eventually soil samples should be collected. The Crop, Soil & Environmental evolved into ArcGIS Desktop. Since grid points can be spaced based upon Science 2015, ESRI has been transitioning to the user’s desired coverage of the field. replace ArcGIS Desktop with ArcGIS The shapefile containing the spatial Pro. coordinates can be easily exported to a A GIS is a software package that GPS to navigate to its location within connects databases to geographically the field. known locations usually depicted by Points containing geographic coor- geographic coordinates such as lati- dinates can be made in ArcGIS Pro tude and longitude. ArcGIS Pro breaks in the form of a shapefile or feature database features into three simple class. This is useful when presented items: points, lines and polygons. with a list of X,Y coordinates that Points may be defined spatially as a has information associated with each single pair of latitude and longitude point, such as in soil test data. Gener- coordinates, while a line is described ating a point shapefile or feature class by at least two pairs of coordinates. A containing this data allows for anal- polygon may be defined spatially by ysis of the data’s geographic distribu- multiple pairs of coordinates with two tion. Furthermore, point shapefiles or sets overlapping so that the polygon is feature classes containing data are the a closed shape, such as a field bound- foundation for ArcGIS interpolation ary. ArcGIS Pro allows for the efficient tools, which among other things can development of maps with spatial be used to analyze changes in soil over integrity, addition of features with time or across different depths. coordinates collected with Global Posi- tioning Systems (GPS), and overlay of The goal of this fact sheet is to spatially correlated data layers. It has help the reader develop navigable many display and analysis features grid points where soil or other sam- that make it a powerful tool in dealing pling locations can be located and the Arkansas Is with spatially explicit datasets. results depicted in a spatially explicit map. The information included here Our Campus A GIS has many uses in agricul- assumes a basic knowledge of or ture, such as displaying yield maps, exposure to ArcGIS Pro software nav- satellite imagery, and defining a col- igation. ArcGIS Pro version 2.4.0 was Visit our web site at: lection of points that represent a soil used in the development of this fact https://www.uaex.uada.edu testing grid from which variable-rate sheet. University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating Preparing the Data create a point shapefile, save within a folder and not a File Geodatabase, in which case the Output Fea- The data containing the X,Y coordinates that will ture Class will automatically add .shp to the end of be used for the point shapefile or feature class must the file name. first be prepared in a spreadsheet application such as Excel. Each row that represents an object or point File Geodatabases are useful for consolidating should have columns for a unique ID (such as a sam- many features (i.e. polygons, points, and/or lines) into ple number), latitude coordinates, and longitude coor- one location. Shapefiles are independent files that dinates. Additional data associated with the points only represent one feature type (i.e. point, line, or (i.e. Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Potassium, etc. soil test polygon). values) should also be in columns. ArcGIS will attempt to automatically populate The data for each point shapefile or feature the X Field and Y Field based upon the data in the class that will be created should be contained in one input table. Make sure these selections are correct sheet of a workbook. Therefore, divide the workbook by ensuring the X Field is the longitude and the Y into separate sheets for each category that is to be Field is the latitude. If necessary, change assigned analyzed. For example, if there are soil test results fields by selecting the drop-down menu arrow. Unless from two depths for two different fields, there should working with 3D data, the Z Field will remain blank. be four sheets in the workbook (Depth A on Field 1, Press the drop-down menu arrow of Coordinate Depth B on Field 1, Depth A on Field 2, and Depth System to select the same coordinate system as an B on Field 2). Note that the unique ID, latitude and existing layer on the map, or press the globe button longitude should match across sheets if they repre- to select an appropriate coordinate system. For the sent the same point in the field. Organizing the data field scale of this example, the Projected Coordinate in this way is necessary for creating an interpolation System NAD 1983 is used. Press Run to execute the map of results across a single category. tool (Fig. 4). Creating the Point Feature or Shapefile Geoprocessing • 1/-X Open the Catalog Pane in <B XY Table To Point EB rt Analysis the View tab (Fig. 1). Navigate Parameters Environments to and open the folder where the jlnputTable Reset Catalog Catalog Co spreadsheet is located. If not list- TDumas2o 6S liii Panes• Pane ~iew ·1 ed in the Folders tab, right click ~ature Class Dumas1_0-6 Folders and select Add Folder Ir. Figure 1. Catalog Pane X Field Connection (Fig. 2). button in the View tab. ~tude ·I Y Field Folders ~titude ·I • ♦ Add Folder Connection ~- Expand the Z Field 0 Tuon t __ ~ ·I ~ lmportlog workbook (Excel C- file) and right- Coordinate S~stem Figure 2. Add Folder Connection to link to INAD.1983 UTM Zone 15N ·Io where the spreadsheet is located. click the individu- al sheet that will be used. Select Export > Table to Point Feature Class (Fig. 3). This opens the Geoprocessing pane for , ........... Run 0 the XY Table to Point tool. Figure 4. Settings for XY Table to Point tool in the The Geoprocessing pane. Input Table + Add To Curre-ntMap + Add To New will be If desired, the process for the XY Table to Point De-s19n populated tool can be repeated for each sheet that was created Export by default when preparing the data in the spreadsheet applica- from the tion. Change the Input Table to the new sheet, and opening the prepare the remaining options accordingly as detailed tool. Press Figure 3. Selecting the Table to Point Feature Class above. the folder by option from right-clicking the desired sheet. Add the newly created point shapefiles or feature Output Feature Class to name and choose where classes to the map by right-clicking them in the Con- the feature class or shapefile will be saved. Opening a tents pane and pressing Add to Map or by press- File Geodatabase (.gdb) and saving there will cre- ing the Add Data button in the Map tab. ate a point feature class within that geodatabase. To Labeling and Symbology After selecting Graduated Colors as the Primary Symbology, the Field is the phosphorus soil test val- Apply labels by right-clicking the point shape- ues column selected from the drop-down menu. The file or feature class in the Contents pane and press Method in this particular example would be Manual Label. From the Labeling tab of the Feature Layer Interval (Fig. 7). menu, the label category and many other display set- tings for the labels can be defined (Fig. 5). Primary symbology :Graduated Colors Field [Phospho,ou:s ·I~ Insert Analysis View Edit Imagery Share AppUfanc:,e Labeling Data 'I <-N-o-ne-,-----------.~I Normahzabon Cl.tH I ·Iii' ~In &.yond ~✓ M ~'"" Ub.l FHlure,, In This Clan ll,,Oute.yo,,d [;;""<None> Lobel Method Manual Interval ,,..,Point Number ·"1 """'°"""' ~----'------------- ..... -- ..-c-l Vrsibiityllanqe TextSymbol Clas~ Natural Breaks(Jenks) """""' Numencalv.JIIJ@s ol ranked data are e)(,"lmi~ lo Figure- 5. The Labeling tab of the Feature Layer, where detailed settings for accoonl fo, noo-unifo,m distribulion'i, giving an uooqui1Id.m width With"'"rying frequency of labels can be specified. observafjonsper dass. Press the drop-down arrow by Field in the Label Quantile ~lribut~ thP olx.er..-ations <-qu.1lly,)(~'i lhP clJ'i'i Class section to choose the desired category for label- inteN.ll, giving unequ.il cl.Ju widths bul the s..1me freq~ of observatJOnsper dass. ing. Alter the font face, color, and size in the Text Equa I I nterva I Symbol section. The label placement in relation to The da1arange of each cLm ii ~Id coMtanl giving an c,qu,:dcta~s width w.lh va,ying frc,quc-ocyof the point can also be specified. For both Text Sym- otxervabOnsper cl.lis bol and Label Placement, open the menu for more Defin~ Interval advanced options by pressing the button in the bot- Specifyan inteNal size to delll'leeqwl ctass widths tom right corner of the section.[2J with varying froquN'lcy of obwr11atiOM por c!J'i'§.