ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) Autonomous Republic of Ajara, Georgia Ajara Solid Waste Management Project Support to the Project Implementation Unit, Engineering Design Services and Contract Supervision State Procurement N 272 ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 1989230000 Stockholm/Batumi 2015-06-19 1 (126) 17 - 02 - ra04e 2011 ra04e p:\1174\1989214_adjara detailed design\200\10 arbetsmtrl_dok\esia\ebrd-version\deliveries and comments recieved\deliver to ebrd 2015- 06-25\main report esia ajara_150619.docx Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Ministry of Finance and Economy of the Autonomous Republic of Client: Ajara Consulting Services for Ajara Solid Waste Management Project; Project: Support to the Project Implementation Unit, Engineering Design Services and Construction Supervision, State Procurement N 272 Title: Project Implementation Plan SWECO ProjectNo 1989230000 17 March 2014 Revised 16 April Revised 20 August 2014 Revised 7 October Revised 26 November Date: Revised 15 January 2015 Revised 18 February Revised 15 April Revised 25 May Revised 19 June Consultant: Sweco International AB, Sweden (lead) Dr Laszlo Iritz, Project Manager, Sweco Towe Ireblad, SWM and Landfill Expert, Sweco, Project Manager, from 2014-06-09 Dr Stig Morling, Leachate treatment Expert Olle Runnérus, Design Expert, Sweco Authors: Daniel Persson, Project Director, Sweco Per-Åke Lindström, Project Director, Sweco, from 2014-06-09 Anja Taarup Nordlund, social expert, March/April 2015, Nordic Consulting Group Lela Darchia, social expert, GDC Nodar Burkadze, impact expert and director GDC 2 (126) 17 - 02 - ra04e 2011 ra04e p:\1174\1989214_adjara detailed design\200\10 arbetsmtrl_dok\esia\ebrd-version\deliveries and comments recieved\deliver to ebrd 2015- 06-25\main report esia ajara_150619.docx Abbreviations CH4 Methane CO2 Carbon dioxide EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EHS Environmental health and safety ESAP Environmental and Social Action Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment EU European Union GDP Gross Domestic Product GEOSTAT Georgian State bureau of Statistics GHG Greenhouse Gas (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide and other gases) Ha Hectare HH Households HR Human ressources Km kilometer R/LRF Resettlement/Livelihood Restauration Framework M meter MIS Management Information System MoFE Ministry of Finance and Economy of Ajara NCG Nordic Consulting Group NDI National Democracy Institute OHS Occupational Health and safety OPM Oxford Policy Management PAP Project affected people PR Performance Requirement RAP Resettlement Action Plan SEP Stakeholder Engagement Plan SWC Solid Waste Company SWM Solid Waste Management ToR Terms of Reference 3 (126) 17 - environmental and social impact 02 - assessment (ESIA)p2015-04-15 ra04e 2011 ra04e p:\1174\1989214_adjara detailed design\200\10 arbetsmtrl_dok\esia\ebrd-version\deliveries and comments recieved\deliver to ebrd 2015- 06-25\main report esia ajara_150619.docx Table of Contents Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 3 Table of Contents ............................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 8 1.1 Project Objectives ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Methodology of ESIA .................................................................................... 8 1.3 Presentation of report ................................................................................ 10 2 General information about Georgia and project area ............................... 11 2.1 Republic of Ajara ........................................................................................ 11 2.2 General socio-economic environment ......................................................... 12 2.2.1 Demography ................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 Economic Development .............................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Income levels ............................................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Income distribution ..................................................................................... 15 2.2.5 Unemployment ........................................................................................... 15 2.2.6 Remittances ................................................................................................. 16 2.2.7 Religion ........................................................................................................ 16 2.2.8 Gender Equality ........................................................................................... 16 3 Institutional set-up – Hygiena Ltd. ........................................................... 17 3.1 Environmental and social appraisal and management .................................. 17 3.2 Hygiene Ltd ................................................................................................ 17 3.3 Policies, Documentation, Emergency Planning and Preparedness ................. 17 4 Existing SWM Situation in Ajara ............................................................... 19 4.1 Waste Amounts and Types .......................................................................... 19 4.2 Existing Non-compliant Landfills in Ajara ..................................................... 21 4.3 Public Health .............................................................................................. 21 4.4 Batumi Non-compliant Landfill .................................................................... 22 4.4.1 Waste pickers and settlements at or near Batumi...................................... 23 4.4.2 Closure of the landfill in Batumi .................................................................. 27 4.5 Abandoned Non-compliant Landfill in Kobuleti ............................................ 32 4 (126) 17 - environmental and social impact 02 - assessment (ESIA) 2 01 5- 06-19 ra04e 2011 ra04e p:\1174\1989214_adjara detailed design\200\10 arbetsmtrl_dok\esia\ebrd-version\deliveries and comments recieved\deliver to ebrd 2015- 06-25\main report esia ajara_150619.docx 4.5.1 Closure of the abandoned landfill in Kobuleti............................................. 33 4.6 Temporary Non-compliant Landfill in Kobuleti ............................................. 35 4.6.1 Closure of the temporary landfill in Kobuleti .............................................. 36 5 Legal Requirements for a New Landfill ..................................................... 38 5.1 Georgian Regulations .................................................................................. 38 5.1.1 Framework Legislation ................................................................................ 38 5.1.2 Georgian Regulations on Waste Management ........................................... 38 5.1.3 Legislation Related to Environmental Permitting in Georgia ...................... 38 5.2 EU Waste Management Legislation ............................................................. 40 5.2.1 Conclusions on compliance between the EU Directives and conditions of planned Landfill in Tsetskhlauri ................................................................................. 44 5.3 EBRD Performance Requirements ............................................................... 44 6 Site Selection for the New Landfill ........................................................... 45 6.1 Description of the Site Selection made by EU TACIS Project .......................... 45 6.2 Description of the Site Selection made by EBRD / Sida Project ..................... 46 6.2.1 Cholokvi ....................................................................................................... 47 6.2.2 Tsetskhlauri ................................................................................................. 47 6.2.3 Site selection ............................................................................................... 50 6.3 Rapid Assessment of the Landfill Site in Tsetskhlauri ................................... 50 7 Detailed description of the selected site in Tsetskhlauri ........................... 53 7.1 Detailed Site Assessment Works in Tsetskhlauri........................................... 53 7.2 Maps and marking of the landfill area ......................................................... 55 7.3 Physical-geographical conditions of the landfill site in Tsetskhlauri .............. 58 7.4 Soil and geological survey ........................................................................... 60 7.5 Climate ....................................................................................................... 62 7.6 Biodiversity ................................................................................................ 63 7.7 Hydrogeology ............................................................................................. 64 7.8 Hydrology ................................................................................................... 65 7.9 Hydrological evaluation .............................................................................. 66 7.10 Landownership and land use ................................................................... 66 7.10.1 Affected people on landfill area .................................................................