Triennial Performance Audit of the Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit) Fiscal Years 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16 FINAL AUDIT REPORT prepared for the by May 2017 NOTE: All exhibits in this report are presented at the end of the associated discussion in each section. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This executive summary highlights the findings from the performance audit of Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit). In California, a performance audit must be conducted every three years of any transit operator receiving Transportation Development Act (TDA) Article 4 funds, to determine whether the operator is in compliance with certain statutory and regulatory requirements, and to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the operator’s services. AC Transit operates local and express bus service in the East Bay, and Transbay bus service into San Francisco. The audit period is Fiscal Years 2014 through 2016 (from July 1, 2013 through June 30, 2016). AC Transit meets its requirements for providing ADA complementary paratransit service through the East Bay Paratransit Consortium (EBPC). A performance audit of EBPC is included as an appendix to this report, since it is a shared responsibility of both BART and AC Transit. Performance Audit and Report Organization The performance audit was conducted for MTC in accordance with its established procedures for performance audits. The final audit report consists of these sections: • An assessment of data collection and reporting procedures; • A review of performance trends in TDA-mandated indicators and component costs; • A review of compliance with selected PUC requirements; Final Audit Report - i - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit • An evaluation of AC Transit’s actions to implement the recommendations from the last performance audit; • An evaluation of functional performance indicator trends; and • Findings, conclusions, and recommendations to further improve AC Transit’s performance based on the results of the previous sections. Comments received from AC Transit and MTC staff regarding the draft report have been incorporated into the final report. Highlights from the key activities are presented in this executive summary. Results and Conclusions Review of TDA Data Collection and Reporting Methods - The purpose of this review is to determine if AC Transit is in compliance with the TDA requirements for data collection and reporting. The review is limited to the five data items needed to calculate the TDA-mandated performance indicators. This review has determined that AC Transit is in compliance with the data collection and reporting requirements for all five TDA statistics. In addition, the statistics collected over the six-year review period appear to be consistent with the TDA definitions, and indicate general consistency in terms of the direction and magnitude of the year-to-year changes across the statistics. It was noted that the FY2016 operating costs as reported to the NTD rose by 22 percent compared with the previous year while vehicle service hours and miles rose by only about five percent. Part of this increase was due to AC Transit ramping up for its Service Expansion Plan (AC Go), which included the hiring of additional operators and mechanics in the months prior to implementing the first phase of the expansion plan in June 2016. Final Audit Report - ii - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit In addition, AC Transit staff have indicated that a significant portion of these new costs (about $32 million) are construction-related costs for the new Transbay Terminal that are passed through AC Transit ($24.4 million), as well as the Line 51 improvement project ($7.6 million). AC Transit included these costs with operating expenses since they do not consider them to be capital costs because these are pass-through expenses and no equity is retained by the District. Such projects are essentially a net zero on the District books as expenses are matched with revenues during the period, outside of any timing differences. As such, for comparison purposes and evaluation of operating expenses, these costs were excluded from the TDA trend analysis and the functional performance review. Performance Indicators and Trends – AC Transit’s bus service performance trends for the five TDA-mandated indicators were analyzed. A six-year analysis period was used for all the indicators. In addition, component operating costs were analyzed. The following is a brief summary of the TDA performance trend highlights over the six-year period of FY2011 through FY2016: • There was an average annual increase in the operating cost per hour of 3.5 percent, or 0.9 percent in inflation adjusted dollars. A six percent annual increase occurred in FY2016, largely attributed to costs associated with ramping up for AC Transit’s Service Expansion Plan (AC Go). • The cost per passenger increased on average by 5.9 percent per year, which amounted to an average annual increase of 3.3 percent in constant FY2011 dollars. Again, this was driven by a major increase in reported operating costs in FY2016, reflecting costs associated with ramping up for AC Go. • Passenger productivity showed somewhat negative trends, with passengers per vehicle service hour decreasing by 2.3 percent per year overall, and passengers per vehicle service mile decreasing by 1.5 percent. Final Audit Report - iii - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit • Employee productivity increased an average 2.6 percent per year. The following is a brief summary of the component operating costs trend highlights for the bus service between FY2011 and FY2016: • Labor costs went up by two percent per year, but their share of total costs was reduced from 38 to 34 percent. • Fringe benefit costs went up by more than six percent per year, significantly higher than labor costs, and remained the largest cost component at 40 percent of total costs or more. A number of significant factors impacted the fringe benefits costs in FY2015 and FY2016, such as medical insurance and pension related increases, and actuarial-driven increases. • There were moderate changes overall in most other component costs. However, casualty/liability costs increased by nearly 40 percent per year, primarily a reflection of increases in insurance premiums due to unfavorable settlements and actuarial results in the last two years. PUC Compliance – AC Transit is in compliance with the sections of the state PUC that were reviewed as part of this performance audit. The sections reviewed included requirements concerning CHP safety inspections, labor contracts, reduced fares, Welfare- to-Work, revenue sharing, and evaluation of passenger needs. Status of Prior Audit Recommendations – There were no recommendations made in AC Transit’s prior performance audit. Functional Performance Indicator Trends - To further assess AC Transit’s performance over the past three years, a detailed set of systemwide and modal (bus service) functional area performance indicators was defined and reviewed. Final Audit Report - iv - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit • Systemwide – The following is a brief summary of the systemwide functional trend highlights between FY2014 and FY2016: – Administrative costs remained at about one fourth of total operating costs, while increasing overall to $46 per vehicle service hour. – Marketing costs decreased overall compared to total administrative costs but increased compared to passenger trips. – The systemwide farebox recovery ratio decreased from 20 to 19 percent, while the TDA recovery ratio (reflecting local support and operating cost exclusions) rose from 75 to 79 percent. • Bus Service – The following is a brief summary of the bus service functional trend highlights between FY2014 and FY2016: – Service Planning results showed steady scheduled operator pay to platform hours, operating cost per passenger mile increasing by nearly ten percent, farebox recovery decreasing from 21 to 20 percent, and consistently 84 percent vehicle miles and 92 percent vehicle hours in service. – Operations results showed vehicle operations costs per service hour increasing steadily but reduced in FY2016 compared to total costs, steady operator absence and actual pay to platform hour trends, some improvement in schedule adherence to 70 percent, some overall increase in complaints received, and very few missed trips. – Maintenance results showed maintenance costs steady at 20 percent of total costs but vehicle maintenance costs per service mile up by 5.5 percent, mechanic pay hours down slightly compared to service hours, steady maintenance employee scheduled absence rates but a reduction in unscheduled absences, consistent 20 percent vehicle spare ratio, and improvement in the mechanical failure rates. – Safety results showed a steady rate of preventable accidents, but sharp increases in the casualty/liability cost rates resulting from increases in insurance premiums due to unfavorable settlements and actuarial results. There was also an overall 12.5 percent increase in Final Audit Report - v - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit lost days due to industrial accidents, but a noticeable improvement in FY2016 compared to FY2015. Recommendations No recommendations are suggested for AC Transit based on the results of this triennial performance audit. Final Audit Report - vi - Triennial Performance Audit of AC Transit Table of Contents Page No. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................