North York Moors National Park Education Service Lime & Ice Discovery Day at Sutton Bank Cross-curricular resources for teachers to extend learning before and after the visit Lime and Ice Discovery Day Walk Contents Cross-curricular resources for teachers to extend learning before and after the visit... Teachers’ Notes for the Discovery Day Walk . 3 1 Stop 1: Maps & Symbols . 4 1 Stop 2: Panoramic view and modern land use . 4 1 Stop 3: Lake Gormire and geomorphology . 5 1 Stop 4: The Cleveland Way . 6 1 Stop 5: The Yorkshire Gliding Club . 7 1 Stop 6: Iron Age Hill Fort . 8 1 Stop 7: Geology . 9 „ Activity: White Horses . 10 1 Stop 8: Trees . 11 1 Stop 9: Jurassic Sea . 11 1 Stop 10: Myths and Legends . 12 Suggestions for pre and post visit activities T Lesson Suggestions: Rocks & Fossils . 13 The Story of Mary Anning . 16 T Lesson Suggestions: Amy Johnson, Aviation & World War II . 18 The Story of Amy Johnson’s Flight to Australia . 22 T Lesson Suggestions: Myths & Legends . 26 The Story of White Mare Crag . 28 Templates for shadow puppets . 30 Story image (to colour-in) . 36 T Lesson Suggestions: Landscapes and J M W Turner . 37 North York Moors National Park Education Service The Moors National Park Centre, Danby, Whitby YO21 2NB Tel: 01439 770657 • Email: [email protected] North York Moors National Park Education Service Page 2 www.northyorkmoors.org.uk • Email: [email protected] • Tel: 01439 770657 Lime and Ice Discovery Day Walk Teachers’ Notes Introduction The Lime and Ice Discovery Day involves a fantastic circular walk from Sutton Bank National Park Centre, via the Yorkshire Gliding Club and the famous White Horse of Kilburn. Before setting off we will... N Introduce ourselves to the The mystery objects relate to points of children and explain the plan interest along the route and the numbers for the day on the bags correspond to stopping points numbered on the map. At each N Go through a few health and point the children with the corresponding safety reminders bag will show their mystery objects to N Check outdoor footwear and the class and talk about them. Children clothing. Please see additional have chance to look at their objects and information sent in advance think about what they might say about with your booking details. them as they walk along, this helps to focus children’s attention and create a N Give out resources mood of excited anticipation. Depending on the size of your class, N children will be divided into small Familiarise children with the map groups of twos or threes and each and relevant map symbols group will be provided with: N Explain and practise how to use a N a small bag of mystery objects compass to orientate the map N one compass per child N Show the children a simple time N at least two maps line to help them understand the chronology of geological time. Below are notes relating to the stopping points along the route which you may fi nd useful as part of your planning for the trip. The stop numbers correspond to the numbers on the bags. North York Moors National Park Education Service www.northyorkmoors.org.uk • Email: [email protected] • Tel: 01439 770657 Page 3 1 Stop 1: Maps & Symbols KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The children will be looking at symbols shown on a special fi Identifying prepared extract from the ordnance survey map of the North York Moors, Western Area (Explorer Map OL26). features on a The start of Ordnance Survey goes back to 1747, when map and in the Lieutenant-Colonel David Watson proposed making a map of landscape the Scottish Highlands, to help subjugate the clans following the Jacobite rising of 1745. In response, King George II fi Recognising commissioned a military survey of the Highlands, and Watson was placed in charge. The survey was produced at a scale of symbols on 1 inch to 1000 yards. This work was the starting point of the a map and Principal Triangulation of Great Britain (1783 – 1853), and led to the creation of the Ordnance Survey itself. Work was begun following a route in earnest in 1790, when the Board of Ordnance (a predecessor of part of the modern Ministry of Defence) began a national military survey starting with the south coast of England. Maps and other resources available from www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk 1 Stop 2: Panoramic view and modern land use KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The children will be asked to describe the landscape and fi How people use talk about what the land is currently being used for. the landscape now They will be looking down into the Vale of Mowbray from Sutton Bank. This viewpoint overlooks different types of and how it was farmland (grazing, arable), as well as Forestry Commission used in the past woodland (a mixture of conifers and deciduous trees). We will also stop at the information board by the path, which is about J M W Turner and his sketches. They were preliminary sketches for a planned work which never materialised. He visited Sutton Bank sometime between 1816 and 1818. He made six double-page sketches at Sutton Bank, panning round on successive pages to record the views he saw – views from Roulston Scar and Hood Hill towards the south to Gormire Lake and Whitestone Cliff towards the north. North York Moors National Park Education Service Page 4 www.northyorkmoors.org.uk • Email: [email protected] • Tel: 01439 770657 1 Stop 3: Lake Gormire and geomorphology KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The children will be shown a diagram to help explain how fi Why the ice shaped the landscape around them. They will also be asked to label the geological features on a fi eld sketch, landscape is with help. like it is About 25,000 years ago, an ice-sheet began to advance from the Tees plain to Eskdale. One arm of the ice-sheet was fi Labelling a diverted to the west round the North York Moors and then fi eld sketch south down the Vale of York as far as York and Escrick. It also pushed eastwards as far as Ampleforth. Another arm of the ice-sheet in the east moved down the coast and towards Wykeham. The ice began to melt to the south of these two ice- sheet arms. This meltwater, along with melting snow from the moors, formed a vast lake – Lake Pickering. The top of Hood Hill protruded above the ice-sheet. As the ice-sheet moved, it transported rocks from as far away as the Lake District, Scotland and Scandinavia. It also wore away softer underlying rock, causing harder rock to fall in extensive landslides. As the climate became warmer (the last ice age ended about 11,500 years ago), the ice-sheet would have released vast quantities of meltwater, causing more erosion and landslides. At Sutton Bank the A170 travels along such a landslip. The ice-sheet scoured out a deep hollow between the crags and a rock ridge to the west. The southern end was blocked by landslips which trapped water coming from springs at the base of the escarpment and Lake Gormire was formed. The lake is replenished by water draining from the springs in the hillside – naturally fi ltered through the rocks, so that the lake is amazingly clear. Mud left behind by the melting glacier would have blocked up streams preventing drainage of the lake. Eventually Lake Pickering drained through various channels, especially Kirkham Gorge (formed by meltwater) and water levels receded, leaving a valley fl oor full of marshes in its lower areas and wooded areas being formed everywhere else. Humans have drained the marshes over time, so that the only reminder is areas of land called ‘carrs’, an old name for marsh. North York Moors National Park Education Service www.northyorkmoors.org.uk • Email: [email protected] • Tel: 01439 770657 Page 5 1 Stop 4: The Cleveland Way KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Here we will look at the plants which grow in this area, fi Why the e.g. heather, bilberry. Plant life is dependent on the underlying rocks. The plants grow on an exposed plateau landscape is with poor soil quality. Their leaf size and low growing like it is habit are also due to their situation. Some plants are cold climate plants which grew here during or fi How people use immediately after the last ice age. Middle Jurassic sandstones the landscape gave rise to acidic peaty soils following tree clearance by humans after the last ice age. now and how it was used in the past fi How the geology has affected land use Peat bogs and heather covered moors evolved as nutrients disappeared from the soil. In the Hambleton and Howardian Hills, the lime rich soils (due to underlying limestone) have provided rich biodiversity. Landslides and poor quality soils on the steep Jurassic escarpments have been planted with conifers to help stabilise the slopes. Children will use their maps to fi nd the Cleveland Way and look for examples of ancient land use. Numerous Late Neolithic and Bronze Age burial mounds, earthworks and artefacts have been found on the moors. This shows that humans have occupied the area for the past 5000 years. The Cleveland Way is one of 15 National Trails in Britain. It is a long distance walking route of 110 miles from Helmsley to Filey. www.nationaltrails.co.uk North York Moors National Park Education Service Page 6 www.northyorkmoors.org.uk • Email: [email protected] • Tel: 01439 770657 1 Stop 5: The Yorkshire Gliding Club KEY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: With a good view of the gliding club, the children will have a fi How people use look at a selection of pictures to help them understand some of its history and the reason why this is a good location for the landscape gliding.