The LYX User’s Guide by the LYX Team∗ Version 2.2.x April 20, 2017 ∗If you have comments on or error corrections to this documentation, please send them to the LYX Documentation mailing list: [email protected] Contents 1. Getting Started1 1.1. What is LYX?...............................1 1.2. How LYX Looks..............................1 1.3. HELP...................................2 1.4. Basic LYX Setup.............................2 1.5. LATEX Setup................................2 2. How to work with LYX3 2.1. Basic File Operations...........................3 2.2. Basic Editing Features..........................4 2.3. Undo and Redo..............................5 2.4. Mouse Operations.............................5 2.5. Navigating.................................6 2.5.1. The Outliner...........................6 2.5.2. Horizontal Scrolling........................7 2.6. Input/Word Completion.........................8 2.7. Basic Key Bindings............................8 3. LYX Basics 11 3.1. Document Types............................. 11 3.1.1. Introduction............................ 11 3.1.2. Document Classes......................... 11 3.1.3. Document Layout......................... 15 3.1.4. Paper Size and Orientation................... 15 3.1.5. Margins.............................. 16 3.1.6. Important Note.......................... 16 3.2. Paragraph Indentation and Separation................. 16 3.2.1. Introduction............................ 16 3.2.2. Paragraph Separation....................... 17 3.2.3. Fine-Tuning............................ 17 3.2.4. Line Spacing........................... 17 3.3. Paragraph Environments......................... 17 3.3.1. Overview............................. 17 3.3.2. Standard.............................. 18 3.3.3. Document Title.......................... 18 3.3.4. Headings.............................. 19 i Contents 3.3.5. Quotes and Poetry........................ 21 3.3.6. Lists................................ 22 3.3.7. Customized Lists......................... 26 3.3.8. Letters............................... 29 3.3.9. Academic Writing......................... 30 3.3.10. Special Environments....................... 31 3.4. Nesting Environments.......................... 33 3.4.1. Introduction............................ 33 3.4.2. What You Can and Can’t Nest................. 34 3.4.3. Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc........ 35 3.4.4. Usage and General Features................... 37 3.4.5. Some Examples.......................... 37 3.4.6. Separate Nestings......................... 41 3.5. Spacing, pagination and line breaks................... 42 3.5.1. Protected Space.......................... 42 3.5.2. Horizontal Space......................... 42 3.5.3. Vertical Space........................... 45 3.5.4. Paragraph Alignment....................... 45 3.5.5. Forced Page Breaks........................ 46 3.5.6. Forced Line Breaks........................ 47 3.5.7. Horizontal Lines.......................... 47 3.6. Characters and Symbols......................... 47 3.7. Fonts and Text Styles........................... 47 3.7.1. Font Types............................ 47 3.7.2. LATEX font support........................ 48 3.7.3. Document Font and Font size.................. 49 3.7.4. Math Fonts............................ 51 3.7.5. Using Different Character Styles................. 52 3.7.6. Fine-Tuning with the Text Style dialog............. 52 3.8. Printing and Previewing......................... 56 3.8.1. Overview............................. 56 3.8.2. Output file formats........................ 56 3.8.3. Previewing............................. 59 3.9. A few Words about Typography..................... 59 3.9.1. Hyphens, Dashes and Minus Signs................ 59 3.9.2. Hyphenation............................ 60 3.9.3. Punctuation Marks........................ 61 3.9.4. Ligatures............................. 62 3.9.5. LYX and LATEX logos....................... 62 3.9.6. Units................................ 63 3.9.7. Widows and Orphans....................... 63 4. Notes, Graphics, Tables and Floats 65 4.1. Notes.................................... 65 ii Contents 4.2. Footnotes................................. 65 4.3. Marginal Notes.............................. 66 4.4. Graphics and Images........................... 66 4.4.1. Image Formats.......................... 67 4.4.2. Grouping of Image Settings................... 68 4.5. Tables................................... 68 4.5.1. Table Dialog............................ 68 4.5.2. Multi-page Tables......................... 69 4.5.3. Table Cells............................ 72 4.6. Floats................................... 72 4.6.1. Introduction............................ 72 4.6.2. Figure Floats........................... 73 4.6.3. Table Floats............................ 74 4.6.4. More Information......................... 74 4.7. Minipages................................. 75 5. Mathematical Formulas 77 5.1. Basic Math Editing............................ 77 5.1.1. Navigating in Formulas...................... 77 5.1.2. Selecting Text........................... 78 5.1.3. Exponents and Subscripts.................... 78 5.1.4. Fractions.............................. 78 5.1.5. Roots............................... 79 5.1.6. Operators with Limits...................... 79 5.1.7. Math Symbols........................... 79 5.1.8. Altering Spacing......................... 80 5.1.9. Functions............................. 80 5.1.10. Accents.............................. 80 5.2. Brackets and Delimiters......................... 81 5.3. Arrays and Multi-line Equations..................... 82 5.4. Formula Numbering and Referencing.................. 83 5.5. User defined math macros........................ 84 5.6. Fine-Tuning................................ 84 5.6.1. Typefaces............................. 84 5.6.2. Math Text............................. 85 5.6.3. Font Sizes............................. 85 5.7. AMS-LATEX................................ 86 5.7.1. Enabling AMS-Support...................... 86 5.7.2. AMS-Formula Types....................... 86 6. More Tools 87 6.1. Cross-References............................. 87 6.2. Table of Contents and other Listings.................. 89 6.2.1. Table of Contents......................... 89 iii Contents 6.2.2. List of Figures, Tables, Listings and Algorithms........ 89 6.3. URLs and Hyperlinks........................... 90 6.3.1. URLs............................... 90 6.3.2. Hyperlinks............................. 90 6.4. Appendices................................ 90 6.5. Bibliography................................ 91 6.5.1. The Bibliography Environment................. 91 6.5.2. Bibliography databases (BibTEX)................ 91 6.5.3. Citation Format.......................... 93 6.6. Index.................................... 93 6.6.1. Grouping Index Entries...................... 93 6.6.2. Page Ranges............................ 94 6.6.3. Cross referencing......................... 94 6.6.4. Index Entry Order........................ 94 6.6.5. Index Entry Layout........................ 95 6.6.6. Index Program.......................... 96 6.6.7. Multiple Indexes......................... 96 6.7. Nomenclature/Glossary......................... 97 6.7.1. Nomenclature Definition and Layout.............. 97 6.7.2. Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries............... 98 6.7.3. Nomenclature Options...................... 98 6.7.4. Printing the Nomenclature.................... 99 6.7.5. Nomenclature Program...................... 99 6.8. Branches.................................. 100 6.9. PDF Properties.............................. 101 6.10. TEX Code and the LATEX Syntax..................... 102 6.10.1. TEX Code Boxes......................... 102 6.10.2. The LATEX Syntax......................... 103 6.11. Customized Page Headers and Footers................. 104 6.11.1. Definition............................. 104 6.11.2. Default header/footer....................... 105 6.11.3. Appearance............................ 105 6.11.4. This example........................... 106 6.12. Previewing Snippets of your Document................. 107 6.12.1. Prerequisites............................ 107 6.12.2. Enabling previews........................ 107 6.12.3. Selected document parts..................... 107 6.12.4. LATEX source code......................... 108 6.13. Advanced Find and Replace....................... 108 6.13.1. Introduction............................ 108 6.13.2. Basic usage............................ 109 6.13.3. Advanced usage.......................... 111 6.14. Spell Checking.............................. 111 6.14.1. Further Settings.......................... 112 iv Contents 6.15. Thesaurus................................. 113 6.15.1. Setting up the thesaurus..................... 113 6.15.2. Using the thesaurus........................ 114 6.16. Change Tracking............................. 114 6.17. Comparison of Documents........................ 115 6.18. International Support........................... 116 6.18.1. Language Options......................... 116 6.18.2. Keyboard mapping configuration................ 116 A. The User Interface 117 A.1. The File Menu.............................. 117 A.1.1. New................................ 117 A.1.2. New from Template........................ 117 A.1.3. Open................................ 117 A.1.4. Open Recent........................... 117 A.1.5. Close................................ 117 A.1.6. Close All.............................. 118 A.1.7. Save...............................