Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States Ostracode Zoogeography in the Southern Nova Scotian And Northern Virginian Fannal Provinces GEOlOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 529-E Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States­ Ostracode Zoogeography in The Southern Nova Scotian And Northern Virginian Faunal Provinces By JOSEPH E. HAZEL GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 529-E Geographic distribution and temperature and depth tolerances of Recent Arctic-North Atlantic benthonic ostracodes with particular emphasis on the sublittoral species off the northeastern United States UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract___________________________________________ E1 Historical development of faunal provinces ____________ _ E5 Introduction_______________________________________ 1 North America ________________________________ _ 5 Europe _______________________________________ _ Acknowledgments___________________________________ 1 9 Previouswork______________________________________ 1 Temperature control of species distribution ___________ _ 11 13 Presentwork_______________________________________ 3 Ostracodes and the Virginian-Nova Scotian boundary __ Nova Scotian and Virginian amphiatlantic species ______ _ 13 Water temperatures from Nova Scotia to Long Island___ 3 Nova Scotian and Virginian endemic species ___________ _ 16 Substrate from Nova Scotia to Long Island_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 References cited ___________________ -_-_------------- 20 ILLUSTRATIONS [For ease of identification, all plates in each group are the same color, and each group is a different color. Plates are in pocket] PLATES 1-6. Surface- and bottom-temperature maps: 1. Surface isotherms for August, Nova Scotia to Long Island (from Schroeder, 1966; Emery, 1966). 2. Bottom isotherms for the warmest part of the year (mid-September through October), Nova Scotia to Long Island (from Schopf, 1967). 3. Surface isotherms for February, Nova Scotia to Long Island (from Schroeder, 1966; Emery, 1966). 4. Bottom isotherms for the coldest part of the year (mid-February through March), Nova Scotia to Long Island (from Schopf, 1967). 5. Mean ice line and surface isotherms, in °C, for the North Atlantic-Arctic region in August (from Defant, 1961; U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, 1944, 1958; Schroeder, 1966). 6. Mean ice line and surface isotherms, in °C, for February (same sources as for pl. 5). 7-14. Virginian province distribution of nine endemic species restricted or nearly restricted to areas south of Cape Cod and the Northeast Channel (blue) : 7. Aurila aff. A. amygdala (Stephenson). 8. Actinocythereis aff. A gomillionensis (Howe and Ellis). 9. Puriana rugipunctata (Ulrich and Bassler) and "Haplocytheridea" bradyi (Stephenson). 10. Hulingsina spp. 11. Bensonocythere aff. B. whitei (Swain). 12. Munseyella atlantica Hazel and Valentine. 13. Echinocythereis margaritifera (Brady). 14. Cytherella sp. 15-25. Nova Scotian province distribution of 12 amphiatlantic cryophilic species restricted to north of Cape Cod and Georges Bank, at least at sublittoral depths (green) : 15. Baffinicythere howei Hazel ( = Cythere costata Brady). 16. Cytherura? undata Sars. 17. Cytheropteron latissimum (Nor man). 18. Elofsonella concinna (Jones). 19. Muellerina abyssicola (Sars). 20. Patagonacythere dubia (Brady). 21. Finmarchinella angulata (Sars). 22. Cythere lutea Mueller. 23. Cytheropteron angulatum Brady and Robertson. 24. Palmenella limicola (Norman) and Eucytheridea bradii (Norman). 25. Thaerocythere crenulata (Sars). 26-30. Distribution of five amphiatlantic species occurring in both the Virginian and Nova Scotian provinces (purple): 26. Baffinicythere emarginata (Sars). 27. Eucythere declivis (Nor man). 28. Hemicytherura clathrata (Sars). 29. Finmarchinella finmarchica (Sars). 30. Loxoconcha impressa (Baird). ni IV CONTENTS PLATES 31-47. Distribution of 16 amphiatlantic species found in the Nova Scotian to Arctic provincesandoftheechinocythereidine genera Rab1'limis and Echinocythereis (red) : 31. Baffinicythere emarginata (Sars). 32. Elofsonella concinna (Jones). 33. Palmenella limicola (Norman). 34. N ormanicythere leioderma (Norman). 35. Baffinicythere howei Hazel ( = Cythere costata Brady). 36. Callistocythere? cluthae (Brady, Crosskey, and Robertson). 37. Robertsonites tuberculata (Norman). 38. H emicytherura clathrata (Sars). 39. H eterocyprideis sorbyana (Jones). 40. Cytheropteron latissimum (Norman). 41. Finmarchinella angulata (Sars). 42. Cytheropteron angulatum Brady and Robertson. 43. Eucytheridea punctillata (Brady). 44. Eucytheridea bradii (Nor man). 45. Cytherura? undata Sars s.l. 46. H emicythere borealis (Brady). 47. Rabilimis mirabilis (Brady), R. septentrionalis (Brady), Echinocythereis echinata (Sars) s.l., E. planibasalis procteri (Blake), and E. margaritifera (Brady). 48-.C)4. Distribution of seven subfrigid to cold-, mild-, or warm-temperate amphiatlantic species (ocher): 48. Thaerocythere crenulata (Sars). 49. Loxoconcha impressa (Baird). 50. Cythere lutea Mueller. 51. H emicythere villosa (Sars). 52. Patagonacythere dubia (Brady). 53. Finmarchinella finmarchica (Sars). 54. Muellerina abyssicola (Sars). 55-69. Distribution of 14 species endemic to the western Atlantic in the Virginian, Nova Scotian, Labrador, and Arctic provinces (turquoise): 55. Cytherura? mainensis Hazel and Valentine. 56. Muellerina canadensis (Brady). 57. Muellerina aff. M. lienenklausi (Ulrich and Bassler). 58. Leptocythere angusta Blake. 59. Munseyella mananensis Hazel and Valentine. 60. Actinocythereis dawsoni (Brady), Cytherura? mainensis Hazel and Valentine, Leptocythere angusta Blake, Muellerina canadensis (Brady), Munseyella mananensis Hazel and Valentine. 61. Pseudocytheretta edwardsi Cushman. 62. Pterygocythereis americana inexpectata (Blake). 63. Actinocythereis vineyardensis (Cushman). 64. Actinocythereis dawsoni Brady). 65. Bensonocythere arenicola (Cushman). 66. Bensonocythere americana Hazel. 67. "Sahnia" spp. 68. C11shmanidea spp. 69. Echinocythereis planibasalis procteri (Blake). Page FIGURE 1. Index map of the Atlantic coast from Long Island, N.Y., to Nova Scotia_______________________________ E2 2. Map showing location of collecting stations_________________________________________________________ 4 3. Map showing median grain size of bottom sediment__________________________________________________ 5 4-8. Charts showing: 4. Biogeographic schemes used for the Atlantic coast of North America_____________________________ 7 5. Distribution of ostracodes within the faunal provinces of the western North Atlantic______________ 8 6. Comparison of nomenclature used for the marine climatic zones of the northern Atlantic coast of North America________________________________________________________________________________ 9 7. Comparison of nomenclature used for western European faunal provinces________________________ 10 8. Biogeographic range of amphiatlantic species in Europe________________________________________ 12 9. Diagram showing the four types of temperature zonation of species____________________________________ 12 10. Graph showing equatorward emergence of Ba.ffinicythere emarginata_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 11. Graphs showin~ depth "preference" of Muellerina canadensis and M. aff. Mlienenklausi__________________ 17 CONTENTS v TABLES Page TABLE 1. Sample localities and identified taxa, southern Nova Scotian and northern Virginian faunal provinces ____ In pocket 2. North-south limits, climatic-zone range, zonal type (Hutchins, 1947), temperature range, and depthrangeof 26 amphiatlantic species______________________________________________________________________ E14 3. North-south limits, climatic-zone range, temperature-tolerance range, and depth range of 19 species endemic to the western Atlantic_______________________________________________________________________ 19 ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF AND SLOPE OF THE UNITED STATES-OSTRACODE ZOOGEOGRAPHY IN THE SOUTHERN NOVA SCOTIAN AND NORTHERN VIRGINIAN FAUNAL PROVINCES 1 By JosEPH E. HAzEL ABSTRACT sand) must a wait completion of sedimentological studies now in progress (Schlee and Pratt, 1966; Trum­ Ostracodes were identified from 236 bottom samples taken in the region from Nova Scotia to Long Island. There i·s a distinc­ bull and others, 1966). tive difference between the assemblages in the northern and The Recent ostracodes of the Atlantic coast of the southern parts of this region. Many sublittoral cryophilic species United States are poorly known (Hazel, 1967a), and are not present south of Cape Cod or the Northeast Channel, the purpose of this report is to contribute to the estab­ and several thermophilic species a.re not .found north of Cape lishment of a Recent datum to which Pleistocene and Cod or Georges Bank. The ostracode assemblages in the southern part of the cold-temperate Nova Scotian province are a mixture older distributions can be compared. It is assumed that of amphiatlantic cryophilic species and endemic, mainly thermo­ the collections, supplemented by the available litera­ philic species; European forms make up approximately 50 per­ ture, are adequate to delineate the Recent teil prov­ cent of the species. Less than 25 percent of the species known inces-the geographic