Benchmark Survey of Horticulture Crops in Uttar Pradesh Area and Production Estimation REPORT Sponsored by: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning, Government of Uttar Pradesh Submitted by: Nomita P. Kumar & Kavita Baliyan GIRI INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (An Autonomous Institute Funded by ICSSR and Govt. Of UttarPradesh) Sector - O, Aliganj Housing Scheme LUCKNOW - 226024, U.P. INDIA April 2020 PREFACE Horticulture is an important component of agriculture having significant role in the economy of the country. India's varied agro-climatic conditions provides an additional advantage in favour of growing of a wide variety of horticultural crops such as fruits & vegetables, tuber crops, plantation crops, flowers, spices & condiments etc. Commercial importance of horticulture crops has also been increasing gaining all over the world as these crops contribute significantly to the country's economy. Various horticulture crops also play an important role in human nutrition, preventing diseases and contributing to the nation‟s development and prosperity. In particular, the horticulture crops such as fruits and vegetables are rich source of vitamins, minerals, proteins and carbohydrates that are essential in human diet. Similarly, other crops like flowers and ornamental crops enhance aesthetic value of our environment while medicinal crops yield pharmaceutical constituents. Thus, horticulture assumes a great importance in food and nutritional security, general health and well -being of our population. Horticulture crops form a vital part in the Indian agricultural production. India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Cultivation, marketing and processing of these crops generate significant employment and livelihood opportunities in many parts of the country. India is the second largest producer of fruits as well as vegetables after China. The country ranks first in the world in the production of mango, banana, sapota and acid lime. Over the years, the country has achieved highest productivity in grapes as well. Still, the country has huge untapped potential to improve the productivity and production of fruits, vegetables and flowers with the help of already available technological advancement in the field of agriculture. The importance of the expansion of horticulture has been increased substantially owing to its vast export potential in the WTO regime. In detail, the present study has attempted to examine the implementation pattern, status of completion and kinds of deficiencies and gaps emerging in case of Uttar Pradesh, where horticulture is one of the critical sectors in the economy. The horticulture crops are grown in around 30 lakh hectares area which accounts 12 precent of the total cultivated area of the State (State Horticultural Mission Report, 2013). Expansion of area horticulture can promote economic diversification and thus create additional employment opportunities in the state. The area under horticulture crops can be increased by utilization of available cultivable wastelands, fallow lands and the land belonging to non-resident landowners in villages. Horticulture crops cover a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, tuber crops, mushrooms, floriculture, medicinal and aromatic plants, spices, food processing and bee keeping. U.P.'s varied agro-climate permits growing of a large number of these crops throughout the year enabling their availability on a regular basis. The state holds a vast potential for the development of various horticulture crops as it has diver‟s climatic conditions for growing different categories of fruits and off -season vegetables in its different agro zones. Therefore, horticulture has emerged as one of the major agricultural activities as there has been a substantial increase in both area and production of horticulture crops. As has been well recognised that the horticulture crops have the inherent advantage of providing higher productivity per unit area of land as compared to other crops, resulting in higher income and employment generation in rural areas. Fruits and vegetables have been shown to earn 20-30 times more foreign exchange per unit area than cereals due to higher yields and higher prices available in the national/international markets. Primary survey provides us insight into problems experienced in different stages of the plantation of horticulture crops. However, a little initiative has been undertaken in favor of promoting horticulture sector despite various agro climatic regions have been possessing certain area specific advantages for growing different horticultural crops during different agricultural seasons over the years. Non availability of accurate data and other information on the status and pattern of growing different fruits, vegetables and other horticulture crops at district, regional and agro zone levels has generally been cited as the main constraints by planners and policy makers for planning development of horticulture in the state. Keeping into account these facts into consideration the present study to propose for carrying out a detail study on issues related to the present status of horticulture sector across the districts and agro- zones of the state. The main objectives with which this study was conducted was: firstly, to estimate land use pattern under various agriculture and horticultural crops and its changing pattern across different geographical and agro- climatic conditions and at state level; secondly, pattern and emerging changes in productivity/yield rates of different agriculture and horticultural crops; thirdly, pattern and emerging changes in output of different agriculture and horticultural crops; fourthly, input use, cost of production, profitability of using land under different options and factors implicating variations in opting cultivation of different horticulture and other crops across the regions of the state; fifthly, area specific emerging constraints in opting cultivation of different horticulture crops and measures to be initiated to overcome from these constraints; sixthly, contribution of horticulture to GDP at district, region and state level; seventhly, to suggest about the types of measures to be initiated for maximizing land under the cultivation of horticulture crops and finally recommends about the kinds of measures to be initiated for achieving more successful results from the implementation of such package in context of horticulture crops in the future. The authors are grateful to the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning, Government of Uttar Pradesh for providing financial support to undertake this study “Survey for estimation of area and production of selected vegetable/ floriculture crops in State- a limited survey will be undertaken to assess area and production of select flower/ vegetable crops and emerging crop like mushroom production” which was later titled as „Benchmark Survey of Horticulture Crops in Uttar Pradesh: Area and Production Estimation”. We wish to record our sincere thanks to Mr, A. K. Pandey, Director, Department of Economic and Statistics, Government of Uttar Pradesh for asking us to conduct such an important study and providing valuable support in conducting this study. Sincere thanks are also due to the officials of different line departments of State Government who are responsible for successful implementation of this study and provided necessary data and other inputs as required by us. We would also like to extend gratitude to our Director, Prof B. K. Bajpai for extending every possible support to us at various stages of the project. We are thankful to all the support obtained by administrative and library staff for extending the required support. We also wish to thank our research team comprising Mr. Bindra Prasad, Mr Iltafat Khan, Mr. Nitin Mishra and Mr Dinesh Kumar for their valuable assistance in collection of data from different sources/ districts. Thanks are due to Dr Sandeep Kumar Baliyan, Consultant for doing the tedious job of analysis of primary and secondary data. We are indebted to Dr Achala Srivastava, Senior Research Associate and Dr Swapnil Gupta, Senior Research Assistant, for helping in preparing this draft report and Mr. Nishchal Singh Bisht, Research Investigator for continuous help in data feeding and its analysis. We are also thankful to all the respondents from nine districts covered in our study without whose support we could not have been able to complete this study. April, 2020 Nomita P. Kumar Kavita Baliyan Project Director CONTENT S. No Title Page. No. Chapter 1 Introduction and Research Methodology I Background 1 II Significance of promoting horticulture cultivation 1 III Horticulture in Uttar Pradesh 3 IV Main Horticulture crops in Uttar Pradesh 4 V Objectives of the study 5 VI Importance of the Study 5 VII Research Methodology 6 VIII Scope of the study 9 IX Chapter Scheme 10-12 Chapter 2 Horticulture Development in the Uttar Pradesh I Introduction 13 II Mission for Integrated Development Horticulture 13 III Schemes of NHB 14 IV National Horticulture Mission 14 V Export status: 16 VI All State Wise Area and Production 19 VII Uttar Pradesh Share and CAGR of Area, Production, Productivity 27 VIII Agro-climatic-Zone wise Status of all Horticulture Crops 29 IX Zonal District Wise APY of Various Crops for U.P 34 X Conclusion 56 Chapter 3 Socio Economic Characteristics of Horticultural Growers I Introduction 57 II Demographic Profile 57 III Educational Status 60 IV Employment Status