platform for the implementation of NAIADES Task 5.3.1 Stud y on hy dromorp ho log ica l a ltera tions on the Danube University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment Ins titttitute of fWt Water M anagement tHd, Hydrol ogy and dHd Hydrauli liEc Eng ineer ing 9 - 10th June 2009, Workshop in Zagreb Helmut Habersack, Elisabeth Jäger, Christoph Hauer Content 1. Introduction 2. Problems and objectives 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Summary 6. CliConclusions 7. Recommendations 2 Introduction Hydromorphological alterations – one of the main ecological pressures and IWT infrastructure needs NitiNavigation + Flood protection, hydropower- generation… 3 Introduction WHAT IS HYDROMORPHOLOGY ? ‘hydromorphology is the physical characteristics of the riverine structures such as river bottom, river banks, the river’s connection with the adjacent landscapes and its longitudinal as well as habitat continuity’ (ICPDR, 2007) Hydromorphological quality elements: - hydrological regime - river continuity (biota AND sediments) - morphological conditions 4 Introduction Navigation is a traditional activity on the Danube Since the 15th century: - Change of the natural course of the rivers in the DRB, mainly for flood protection, navigation, hydropower generation 5 Introduction NEED OF THIS STUDY arises by - Water Framework Directive (WFD) - Joint Statement 2007 - NAIADES as hydromorphology is an essential quality parameter for large river systems and needs to be considered when planning navigation projects. This study: Basis for the Manual on Good Practices in sustainable Waterway Planning 6 Navigable water depth Red: sufficient water depth at low flow conditions Blue: water depth < 25 dm 7 Habersack et al., 2008 Historical reference Hig h percen tage o f dynam ic waters Almos t no non connec ted side arm systems 8 Hohensinner et al., 2008 MZB – Danube instream 0 Total: 2.300 + 290 Taxazahl: 4,7 + 0,2 20 (cm ) ee 40 60 Colonization to 1 Meter enttief mm Mt40Max. at 40 cm Moog, 2009 80 Sedi 100 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 -2 IdiidIndividuen.m 9 Reckendorfer et al., 2009 Schiemer et al., 2008 10 Habitatmodelling benthic fish (Microscale) 1,0 1,0 0,8 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,8 0,6 ty index index ity index ii yy 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,2 suitabil suitabil 0,2 0,0 suitabilit 0,0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 0,0 Tiefenklasse (cm) 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 Tiefenklasse (m) Tiefenklasse (m) sublitorale fish 0+ fish 11 Durchfluss: Q1750 Habersack, Hauer, Tritthart, Liedermann, Keckeis et al., 2008 Content 1. Introduction 2. Problems and objectives 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Summary 6. Conclusions 7. Recommendations 12 Problems and objectives Problems: – Negative impact of navigation on hydromorphology Objectives: – Scientific assessment to survey, evaluate and discuss pressures from ildinland nav itiiigation in com bitiithbination with other pressures (e.g. hydropower, flood protection,…) on hyypgdromorphological alterations within three different scales 13 Content 1. Introduction 2. Problems and objectives 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Summary 6. Conclusions 7. Recommendations 14 Methods (1) Scaling approach according to the River Scaling Concept (HABERSACK, 2000): – Danube River Basin (catchment-wide scale) – Danube River Sections (sectional scale) – Danube River Localities (local scale) 15 DOWN- SCALING PARAMETERS / PROCESSES RIVER SCALING CONCEPT >103 km Assessment of Geology, tectonics, cont./regional Scale clima te e tc. ldlandscape development Possible regional consequences 102-104 km Catchment-size, channel catchment-wide scale Investigation of network, erosion potential whole catchment Suggestion for etc. catchment management 1-102 km Planview river sectional scale Analysis of key morphology, slopes, sections sediment regime Derivation of sectional results 10-2-1 km local morphology, local scale Stufy of bedforms,,, islands, bank representative erosion etc. morphologic Aggregation of units data for local -4 -2 10 -10 km scale Substrate variability, point scale Measuring / grain sorting, flow modelling of key velocities, initiation of UP-16 processes motion SCALING (HABERSACK, 2000) Methods (2) Litera ture researc h – Collection of studies, reports, conference papers/proceedings, journal articles , books, etc. Analysis and qualitative evaluation of literature – Relevance of each literature for this study – Central topic and investigation area of each literature Allocation of literature to – selected issues ((,gy)sediments, ecology…) and – sub-catchments of the Danube River Basin Results of literature analysis → DANUBE CATALOGUE 17 18 Content 1. Introduction 2. Problems and objectives 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Summary 6. Conclusions 7. Recommendations 19 Results Content of the DANUBE CATALOGUE: Biblioggpyraphy of collected literature (as basis for a Access-database) Relevance for river kilometre [rkm] ID‐Number Countries Part of the Danube Study area Year Issue Power plant Title Pla tina (leng th of the reach in k)km) Studie zur Untersuchung der Fischfauna im Donaugebiet Donaugebiet zwischen Wallsee und 1 1 Austria Upper Danube rkm2094‐2084 Fish fauna ‐ zwischen Wallsee und Dornach unter besonderer Dornach (östliches Machland) Berücksichtigung der FFH‐Schutzgüter Fischfauna der Donau im östlichen Machland unter besonderer Donaugebiet zwischen Wallsee und Berücksichtigung der FFH‐Schutzgüter und ihres 2 1 Austria Upper Danube rkm2094‐2084 2007 Fish fauna ‐ Dornach (östliches Machland) Erhaltungszustandes; Maßnahmen und Potential für RitliiRevitalisierungen Floodplain between the flood Environmental impacts of the Gabcíkovo Barrage System to the 3 1 Hungary Middle Danube ‐ 2002 Power plant Gabcíkovo protection dikes (Szigetköz region) Szigetköz region Twenty‐five years of safe exploitation of the hydro power plant 4 2 Rumania Lower Danube ‐ rkm942 1998 Power plant Iron Gate "Iron Gate I" on the Danube River 50km lange freie Fließstrecke; The importance of inshore areas for adult fish distribution along a 5 2 Austria Upper Danube rkm1945‐1895 (50km) 2004 Fish fauna ‐ nördlich von Wien ‐ Regelsbrunn free‐flowing section of the Danube, Austria Nationalpark Donauauen, 25km lange CtiConservation by resttitoration: the management concept for a river‐ 6 1 Austria Middle Danube freie Fließstrecke zwischen Wien und 25km 1998 Floodplain ‐ floodplain system on the Danube River in Austria der slowakischen Grenze Fish fauna, Comparison of Fish Assemblage Diversity in Natural and Artificial 7 1 Hungary Middle Danube Hungarian Danube 300km 2008 ‐ Rip‐Rap Habitats in the Littoral Zone of a Large River (River Hydromorphology Danube, Hungary) Channel evolution of the pre‐channelized Danube River in 8 2 Slovakia Middle Danube Devin Gate, Bratislava rkm1861‐1875 (14km) 2002 Hydromorphology ‐ Bratislava, Slovakia (1712‐1886) Bulgarian Danube, Timok River to the Riverine Landscape An experiment in greenway analysis and assessment: the Danube 9 3 Bulgaria Lower Danube 471km 1995 ‐ town Silistra Planning River Endangered migratory sturgeons of the lower Danube River and 10 2 Romania Lower Danube Lower Danube and Delta ‐ 1997 Fish fauna ‐ its delta Habitat loss as the main cause of the slow recovery of fish faunas Netherlands, 11 3 Upper/Middle/Lower Danube ‐‐2004 Fish fauna ‐ of regulated large rivers in Europe: the transversal floodplain Austria, France gradient Power plant, Fish Initial impact of the Gabcíkovo hydroelectric scheme on the 12 1 Slovakia Middle Danube Hungarian/Slovak Danube ~ rkm1850‐1805 2003 Gabcíkovo species richness and composition of 0+ fish assemblages in the fauna Slovak floodplain, River Danube Long‐term discharge prediction for the Turnu Severin station (the 13 2 Slovakia Upper/Middle/Lower Danube Seven stations along the river 2006 Hydrology ‐ 16.12.2008 Danube) using a linear autoregressive model 20 20 Reconstruction of the characteristics of a natural alluvial river‐ 14 1 Austria Upper Danube Machland rkm2094‐2084 (10.25km) 2004 Floodplain ‐ floodplain system and hydromorphological changes following human modifications: the Danube River (1812‐1991) Machland: rkm2094 4 2084 Results Content of the DANUBE CATALOGUE: Info sheets according to the Danube’s sub-catchments and selected issues Middle Danube Hydromorphology ID stretch issue facts Channe l evoltilution of the Due to reltillatively hig h rates of ltlatera l activ ity, the DbDanube Bratislava, Devin pre‐channelized Danube reworked a high proportion of the active belt floodplain ID 8 Gate river in Bratislava, over 1712‐1886, with minor central parts of major islands Slovakia (1712‐1886) left untouched. Bratislava The key mechanism of planform change were avulsion through switching of a stream chute channels, and meander development by migration, progression and cut‐ offs. Effectiveness of human interventions was limited by increased fluvial activity over the 18th century. Geomorphic effects of frequent floods ‐> amplified by human works (stabilization, simplification of the river pattern, concentration and widening of the main channel) Another sign of channel readjustment ‐> in the first half of the 19th century ‐> development of large meanders, producing new anastomosing‐meandering parallel channels at the lower end of the study reach. 16.12.2008 21 Results Lower Danube Sediments ID stretch issue facts Assessment of the ID balance and management suspended load dominates the overall sediment transport Lower Danube 57 of sediments of the (100yrs ago highest values in Delta 70mio t/yr Danube waterway before Iron Gate dams