International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 15191-15198 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu Design of Climatic Control Fan 1S. Indirani and 2K. Vibha 1Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SRM IST, Chennai, India. 2Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SRM IST, Chennai, India. Abstract Fans are the mostly used item in India despite the widespread availability of Cooler’s and air conditioners. During winter we don’t use the normal ceiling fan and we go for room heaters instead. But the room heaters are expensive and it cannot be afforded by all people. So we planned to design a ceiling fan which can be also used as a room heater during winter times. This paper proposes the design and development of an affordable room heater system. It is based on remodeling a ceiling fan which will be suitable for all weather condition. The system includes automatic on off system according to the room temperature. Thermocouple sensor is used to measure the room temperature and it is also used to draft the relationship between the voltage and temperature graph. Index Terms--- Nichrome Wire, Temperature Sensor & Relay, and Auduino Micro controller. 15191 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 1. Introduction Overview of Electric Heating Electric heating is a process in which heat is obtained from electricity. Main applications are heating cooking water heating and in many industrialized applications. An electrical heater is an electrical device that converts DC current to heat . In each and every electrical heater, an voltaic resistor is used within the heating element and works on the principle of Joule heating . Nichrome wire is used as the active element in most modern electrical heating devices. The heating element, Nichrome wire is supported by ceramic insulators Electric heating is a process in which heat is obtained from electricity . Proposed Methodology Room heaters and blowers are life rescuer during the chilling winter months. A fan heater is a heater that works by using a fan to pass air over a heating element. This heating element heats up the air which then warming up the surrounding room. They can heat an enclosed space such as a room faster than a room heater. In this paper Nichrome wire used as a heating element and wind it into a circular net. Within the net we use ceramic insulators to avoid electric conductivity between supporting spokes and the Nichrome wire setup. An arduino relay circuit is used to give the power supply to the Nichrome wire from the sensor output. When it reaches the minimum temperature the arduino will be switched on and when it reaches the maximum temperature it switches off. Comparison with other system Room heater is used to heat a small space and are normally portable or fitted to a wall. [2,3]Most room heater use gas or electricity. It consume a lot of gas or electricity if used to heat up a space quickly and are likely to cost a lot more than a central heating system. The heating element inside every electric heater is an electrical resistor. Room heaters are convenient appliances that provide focused and localized heat which is particularly suitable in a room for people that are elderly, ill or with limited mobility. But they can be expensive. 2. Elements Requirement Nichrome, insulator are the important elements used in Temperature sensor. Heating element used here is Nichrome. A typical heating element is usually a like a lamp filament. When current passing through Nichrome, it emits red hot and converts the electrical energy into heat, which it radiates out in all directions. Heating elements are typically either nickel based or iron- based.[1]The nickel-based ones are usually Nichrome an alloy (a mixture of metals and sometimes other chemical elements) that consists of about 80 percent nickel and 20 percent chromium (other compositions of Nichrome are available, but the 80-20 mix is the most common). 15192 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue The working of heating elements is based on heating effect of electric current. When a current is passed through a resistance, it produces the heat. To produce the heat, the electric energy consumed by resistance is given by E=I2RT Where, I is the current through the resistance, R is resistance of element, t is the time (in seconds) Fig 1. is a Nichrome wire is used as a heating element because it is having comparatively high resistance. When the heating element is heated first time, chromium of alloy react with oxygen of atmosphere and form a layer of chromium oxide on outer surface of heating element. This layer of chromium oxide works as a protective layer for element and protect the material beneath this layers against oxidation, preventing the element wire from breaking and burning out. Heating elements made of Nichrome can be used for continuous operation at a temperature up to 1200°C. Nichrome is a nickel-chromium alloy with non-magnetic properties. The alloy also sometimes includes some parts of iron as its constituents. Nichrome is normally used to make resistance wires. FIG 1 NIOCHROME WIRE FIG 2 CERAMIC INSULATOR not easily transmit energy, such as electric current or heat. Materials such as wood, plastic, and ceramics are insulators. we use ceramic insulators to avoid electric conductivity between supporting spokes and the Nichrome wire setup. 15193 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue FIG 3 RELAY BASIC DESIGN Fig.3 is the Relay basic design when the relay gets de-energized when the contact gets closed , then the movement opens the contacts and breaks the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its relaxed position. In this design when the temperature reaches the maximum set point the relay automatically turns in to normally opened condition .similarly when the temperature reaches the minimum set point the relay changes to the reverse of it (i.e) normally closed condition. FIG 4. BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 3. Operation of Climatic Control Fan An individual AC supply is given to the ceiling fan and Nichrome coil, the Nichrome wire heat is controlled by using an arduino setup. A Relay andTemperaure sensor connected with an arduino.[4]When a temperature sensor senses the temperature it passes the signal to the arduino.It programme as minimum and maximum set point values when a temperature reached a set point value arduino passed the signal to the Relay switch, the relay changed in this switch position normally opened(NO) to normally closed(NC) or NC to NO according to the set point value to control the Nichrome coil temperature. 15194 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 4. 3D Design of Climatic Control Fan FIG 5. 3D DIAGRAM This 3D diagram was based on AutoCAD and it was found that the Nichrome coil set above the hub generated more heat comparing the Nichrome setup kept below the hub. FIG.6 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 5. Temperature Monitoring & Control Process In this paper in order to heat five meter Nichrome wire a range of 220 volts power supply was used. The Nichrome heat efficiency can be controlled by using the arduino setup Since the Arduino operates at 5V it can’t control these higher voltage devices directly,so 5V relay is used to switch the 120-240V current and use the Arduino to control the relay. initially the relay is in normally 15195 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue closed condition . Thermistor is mainly used to monitor the temperature changes in the system. An arduino program was written which has maximum and minimum set points that is used to detect the changes in the temperature of the Nichrome wire.[5] When the temperature reaches the maximum set point the relay automatically turns in to normally opened condition .similarly when the temperature reaches the minimum set point the relay changes to the reverse of it (i.e) normally closed condition. The following graph shows the relation between the voltage and temperature generated from the setup. 6. Software Development A program for Arduino may be written in any programming language for a compiler that produces binary machine code for the target processor. The intention behind the paper is to explain how a microcontroller (in this case, an Arduino) can be used to control a high voltage and high current devices using a relay. The principle of working of the project lies I n the functioning of the relay and is explained here. When the system is powered on, the Arduino waits for the button to be pressed (as per the code written).[6,7] The button terminal is pulled up internally. Hence, when the button is pushed, the Arduino detects a Logic 0 (LOW). This will send a Logic 1 (HIGH) signal to Pin 7, which is connected to the base of the transistor. As a result, the transistor is switched ON. As one of the coil terminal of the relay is connected to the collector of the transistor (which is switched ON), a conduction path between the supply, coil and collector emitter terminals of transistor is formed. Because of this, the coil in the relay gets energized and acts as an electromagnet. As a result, the moving contact of the coil, which was initially in the Normally Closed (NC) position, will be attracted towards the electromagnet and moves to the Normally Open (NO) position.