Zoological Studies 57: 18 (2018) doi:10.6620/ZS.2018.57-18 Open Access A Revision of Taiwanese Species in the Genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) Takahiro Yoshida1,*, Michael Karner2, and Toshiya Hirowatari3 1Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan 2Voluntary Scientist, Sektion Entomologie I, Senckenbergisches Naturforschendes Institut, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan (Received 10 October 2017; Accepted 3 April 2018; Published 4 May 2018; Communicated by Chiun-Cheng Ko) Citation: Yoshida T, Karner M, Hirowatari T. 2018. A revision of Taiwanese species in the genus Psammoecus Latreille (Coleoptera, Silvanidae). Zool Stud 57:18. doi:10.6620/ZS.2018.57-18. Takahiro Yoshida, Michael Karner, and Toshiya Hirowatari (2018) This study revises the taxonomy of Taiwanese species in the genus Psammoecus Latreille, 1829. A new species, P. taiwanensis sp. nov., is described, and six species from Taiwan are recoded for the first time: P. harmandi, Grouvelle, 1912, P. dentatus Grouvelle, 1883, P. trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858, P. triguttatus Reitter, 1874, P. labyrinthicus Yoshida and Hirowatari, 2014 and P. hiranoi Yoshida and Hirowatari, 2013. The following taxonomic synonyms are proposed: P. delicatus Grouvelle, 1908 = P. x-notatus Grouvelle, 1912 syn. nov. = P. nitidior Grouvelle, 1919 syn. nov. = P. raffrayi Grouvelle, 1919 syn. nov.; P. harmandi, Grouvelle, 1912 = P. boreas Yoshida and Hirowatari, 2014 syn. nov.; P. dentatus Grouvelle, 1883 = P. scitus Yoshida and Hirowatari, 2014 syn. nov.; P. simonis Grouvelle, 1892 = P. stultus Grouvelle, 1912 syn. nov. A key to Taiwanese Psammoecus species, a redescription of P. delicatus, and notes on the variability of P. harmandi are provided. Key words: Taxonomy, Cucujoidea, New species, Synonymy, Taxonomic key. BACKGROUND described species and is the second largest genus in Silvanidae (Thomas and Leschen 2010). Most The family Silvanidae Kirby 1837 (Coleoptera, Psammoecus species were described between Cucujoidea) is composed of two subfamilies, 61 the mid-19th and early 20th century; according to genera, and approximately 500 species (Thomas the common practice of those times, these studies and Leschen 2010; Thomas 2011; Karner et did not include illustrations or descriptions of male al. 2015; Yoshida et al. 2017). The Silvanidae genitalia (e.g. Reitter 1874; Grouvelle 1919). include some important pests of stored grain Recent studies revealed that the male genital products (e.g. Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1834), structures bear useful diagnostic characters, while Cathartus quadricollis (Guérin-Méneville, 1844) body coloration-including the elytral maculae-and and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758)) size, arrangement and shape of lateral pronotal (Halstead 1986). Outside of its pest species, the teeth are variable among conspecific individuals biology of silvanids is poorly studied (Thomas and (Karner 2012; Yoshida and Hirowatari 2014). Leschen 2010). The genus Psammoecus Latreille, Recently, the Psammoecus of India (Pal 1985), 1829 (Brontinae, Telephanini) includes about 80 Africa (Karner 2012 2014) and Japan (Yoshida *Correspondence: E-mail: [email protected] © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan 1 Zoological Studies 57: 18 (2018) page 2 of 18 and Hirowatari 2014) were taxonomically revised. Consumer Services, Gainesville, USA. HNHM: Psammoecus from other areas have been poorly Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, studied, and comprehensive taxonomic revisions Hungary. KUM: Kyushu University Museum, are required. Some Psammoecus species have Fukuoka, Japan. MHNG: Muséum d’Histoire also been found in stored products (Lu and Han Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland. MNHN: Muséum 2006) and foods (Hayashi 1992); taxonomic National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. MSNG: studies on this genus may provide information for Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Genoa, pest control. Italy. NMNS: National Museum of Natural Science, The fauna of Taiwanese Silvanidae is not well Taichung, Taiwan. RMNH: Naturalis Biodiversity known, and only one taxonomic study has been Centre [new name of the former Rijksmuseum van published (on Brontini; Yoshida and Hirowatari Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden], Netherlands. SDEI: 2016). In Taiwan, only two endemic Psammoecus Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, species, P. stultus Grouvelle, 1912 and P. x-notatus Müncheberg, Germany. TARI: Taiwan Agricultural Grouvelle, 1912, have been recorded, and no Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan. ZMHB: taxonomic and faunistic studies on Taiwanese Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Psammoecus have been published since Grouvelle Berlin, Germany. (1912). Compared to the species diversity of Psammoecus in Japan - 10 species (Yoshida and Hirowatari 2014) - the number of species recorded RESULTS from Taiwan appears small, and this suggests that Taiwan actually has more species that are still TAXONOMY undocumented. Psammoecus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1A, 2, 3 and 4A-C) MATERIALS AND METHODS urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:549E3797-8024-4C89-A13C- 547166490EAA Observations and dissections were performed under a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZX10) Type series: Holotype: male, Sungkang, according to the methods described by Yoshida Jing Ying Village, Ren-ai Township, 2-VII-2014, T. and Hirowatari (2014). Photographs were taken Yoshida leg. (NMNS, male genitalia illustrated). using a digital camera (Canon EOS 7D) with a Paratypes: TAIWAN: [New Taipei City] 1 female & macro lens (Canon MP-E 65 mm). Composite 1 ex., Wulai District, 4-VI-1970, Y. Hori leg. (EUMJ). images were produced using the image processing [Yilan County] 2 exs, Fushan Botanical Garden, software Combine ZM. Images were retouched Yuanshan Township, 25-27-IX-2000, L. Papp, using Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe Systems Inc.). L. Peregovits & L. Ronkay leg., at light (HNHM; Morphological terminology follows Lawrence studied by MK); 2 exs, Cueifong Lake, Nan-ao et al. (2010) and Lawrence et al. (2011). Township, alt. 1950 m, 1-IV-2004, T. Kurihara leg. Abbreviations and measurements are as (ELKU). [Nantou County] 1 ex., Gaofeng, 7-8- follows: BL: HL + PL + EL. PL: length of pronotum V-2009, J. Aoki leg. (ELKU); 3 males, 1 female measured along the median line. PW: greatest & 2 exs, Tun-yuan-trail, Jing Ying Village, Ren- width of pronotum, excluding teeth. EW: greatest ai Township, 1-VII-2014, T. Yoshida leg. (ELKU); combined width of elytra. HL: length from anterior 3 exs, same locality, 6-VII-2014, T. Yoshida leg. margin of clypeus to imaginary line between (ELKU); 10 exs, same data as holotype. (ELKU); 1 posterior margins of temples in dorsal view male, Tsiufeng, Ren-ai Township, 10-VII-1966, H. measured along the median line. HW: greatest Kamiya leg. (KUM). [Chiayi County] 1 ex., Alishan, width of head across eyes. IE: narrowest width of Alishan Township, 1-VIII-1968, K. Y. leg. (ELKU); interspace between eyes. 1 ex., Fenchihu, Zhuqi Township, 22-VII-1966, H. Depositories of the examined specimens Kamiya leg. (KUM); 2 exs, same locality, 23-VII- are as follows: BMNH: Natural History Museum, 1966, H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 1 ex., same locality, London, United Kingdom. ELKU: Entomological 24-VII-1966, H. Kamiya leg. (KUM); 1 ex., same Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. locality, 22-VI-1968, M. Tomokuni leg. (EUMJ). EUMJ: Ehime University Museum, Matsuyama, [Kaohsiung City] 1 ex., Shanping, Liouguei District, Japan. FSCA: Florida State Collection of 20-21-III-1980, T. Niisato leg. (EUMJ); 1 ex., Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture and Mt. Su-shan (Shi Shan) near Liouguei, Taoyuan © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Zoological Studies 57: 18 (2018) page 3 of 18 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) Fig. 1. Psammoecus species of Taiwan, habitus. (A) P. taiwanensis sp. nov. (B) P. delicatus Grouvelle (C) P. harmandi Grouvelle (D) P. dentatus Grouvelle (E) P. trimaculatus Motschulsky (F) P. triguttatus Reitter (G) P. labyrinthicus Yoshida and Hirowatari (H) P. simonis Grouvelle (I) P. hiranoi Yoshida and Hirowatari. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan Zoological Studies 57: 18 (2018) page 4 of 18 District, 25-IV-1986, K. Baba leg. (KUM). dense on 8th to 11th antennomeres; approximate Etymology: The specific name is derived from ratios of antennomere lengths of holotype as Taiwan, the type locality of the new species. follows: 2.6 : 1.0 : 1.2 : 1.3 : 1.3 : 1.5 : 1.4 : 1.2 : Diagnosis: This species resembles P. 1.1 : 1.0 : 1.7. piceus Grouvelle, 1882; it is distinguished by the Pronotum: (Figs. 2A, B and 4B). Subquadrate, distal portions of parameres bearing dense short widest near anterior margin, straightly narrowed pubescence, in comparison with distal portions toward base, lateral margins slightly flattened; of parameres bearing only two apical setae in P. lateral areas of basis somewhat flattened, PW/ piceus. This species also resembles P. harmandi PL 1.18-1.27. Punctation on pronotal disk as on but is easily distinguished by the presence of a vertex; pubescence composed of numerous setae row of long erect setae along each lateral elytral of moderate length, very long setae on teeth of margin, the expanded anterior angles of pronotum lateral margins and anterior and posterior angles and the stick-shaped and elongate parameres (Fig. 4B). Anterior angle with two small teeth and (cone-shaped and stout