The World at War FOREIGNAFFAIRS.COM DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540316 BUY CSS SOLVED MCQs BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY CALL/SMS 03336042057 | Visit: http://cssbooks.net International Relations By Parkash Chander 31s Edition For Order: Call/SMS 03336042057 For Order Call/SMS: 03336042057 November 2016 November 2016 Introduction Gideon Rose THE CLOUDS GATHER July 1933 Hitler’s Reich [Excerpt] The First Phase cover photo: courtesy reuters courtesy photo: cover Hamilton Fish Armstrong April 1935 The Expansion of Japanese Rule Edgar Packard Dean January 1937 The Jews of Eastern Europe [Excerpt] Desider Kiss April 1938 America Rearms [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin January 1939 Armistice at Munich [Excerpt] Hamilton Fish Armstrong THE STORM BREAKS October 1939 Hitler Could Not Stop [Excerpt] Hermann Rauschning January 1940 Blitzkreig [Excerpt] Henry J. Reilly October 1940 The Downfall of France [Excerpt] Hamilton Fish Armstrong October 1941 Anglo-American Pitfalls [Excerpt] Geoffrey Crowther October 1941 Let Japan Choose [Excerpt] Eugene Staley Winter 1991/92 Pearl Harbor: Documents: The Rising Sun in the Pacific Samuel Eliot Morison April 1942 America at War: Three Bad Months [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin July 1942 Hitler’s Transfers of Population in Eastern Europe [Excerpt] Hedwig Wachenheim October 1942 The Spirit of Resistance [Excerpt] Victor Vinde January 1943 America at War: The First Year [Excerpt] Hanson W Baldwin October 1943 Datum Point Hamilton Fish Armstrong January 1944 America at War: The End of the Second Year [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin THE WINDS BLOW July/August 2013 The Road to D-Day [Excerpt] Rick Atkinson October 1944 America at War: The End Begins [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin July 1945 America at War: Victory in Europe [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin October 1945 America at War: Victory in the Pacific [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin January 1946 America at War: The Triumph of the Machine [Excerpt] Hanson W. Baldwin January/February 1995 The Atomic Bombings Reconsidered Barton J. Bernstein AFTER THE STORM October 1947 Political Problems of a Coalition [Excerpt] William L. Langer November/December 2003 That Was Then: Allen W. Dulles on the Occupation of Germany [Excerpt] Allen W. Dulles January 1947 The Nuremberg Trial: Landmark in Law [Excerpt] Henry L. Stimson July 1947 The Sources of Soviet Conduct [Excerpt] “X” (George F. Kennan) October 1948 The Atom Bomb as Policy Maker [Excerpt] Bernard Brodie April 1949 The Illusion of World Government [Excerpt] Reinhold Niebuhr May/June 1996 The Myth of Post-Cold War Chaos [Excerpt] G.John Ikenberry November 14, 2016 Introduction Gideon Rose REUTERS The attack on Pearl Harbor. Foreign Affairs and its parent organization, the Council on Foreign Relations, were founded in the early 1920s by veterans of the Woodrow Wilson administration’s diplomatic and military efforts. Shocked by the country’s turn to isolationism in the wake of the Great War, they followed with increasing dread the world’s march toward yet another conflict during the 1930s. The pages of the magazine tracked the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis, the growing conquests of imperial Japan, the stirrings of military preparedness in Washington, and ultimately the most devastating conflagration the globe has ever seen. Buy CSS Books Online as Cash on Delivery http:cssbooks.net / Call/SMS 03336042057 Seventy-five years after the United States entered that war, we offer this collection to showcase all that remarkable coverage, giving today’s readers a taste of how things looked to knowledgeable observers watching events in real time. As I combed through our archives, I was struck by just how well informed close readers of the magazine would have been about what was going on, why, and what needed to be done about it. Who knew, for example, that Foreign Affairs was running articles about the state of eastern European Jewry in 1937? Or that we published a fascinating portrait of how the French public gradually turned against the Nazi occupation? Or that the basic contours of the war’s long, complex military operations were understood and predicted so early and accurately? From Herbert Rauschning, Reinhold Niebuhr, and George Kennan to Henry Stimson, Allen Dulles, and Bernard Brodie, from William Langer and Samuel Eliot Morison to Rick Atkinson and Barton Bernstein, the authors included here constitute a galaxy of talent, and the result is both insightful and gripping. From the mid-1930s to the late 1940s, world history changed course dramatically. At the start of the period, a few unprepared democracies tripped over themselves as they tried to resist the rise of aggressive dictatorships around the world. By its end, the United States was leading those democracies in the establishment of a fundamentally new and liberal world order that would provide unprecedented peace, prosperity, and freedom for billions of people for generations to come. This book tells the story from start to finish, with all the drama and turbulence in between; we hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed putting it together. © Foreign Affairs Buy CSS Books Online as Cash on Delivery http:cssbooks.net / Call/SMS 03336042057 July 1933 Hitler's Reich [Excerpt] The First Phase Hamilton Fish Armstrong Hitler with his staff at his "Wolf's Lair" field headquarters in 1940. A people has disappeared. Almost every German whose name the world knew as a master of government or business in the Republic of the past fourteen years is gone. There are exceptions; but the waves are swiftly cutting the sand from beneath them, and day by day, one by one, these last specimens of another age, another folk, topple over into the Nazi sea. So completely has the Republic been wiped out that the Nazis find it difficult to believe that it ever existed, at any rate as more than a bad dream from which they were awakened by the sound of their own shouts of command, their own marching feet. Buy CSS Books Online as Cash on Delivery http:cssbooks.net / Call/SMS 03336042057 Not merely is he wiped out, but the memory of him is wiped out. It is pretended that he never was. His name is not mentioned, even in scorn. If one asks about him, a vague answer is given: "Oh yes -- but is he still alive? Maybe he is abroad. Or is he in a nursing home?" This does not merely apply to Jews and Communists, fled or imprisoned or detained "for their own protection" in barbed-wire concentration camps. It applies to men like Otto Braun, leader of the great Social Democratic Party, perennial Premier of Prussia. It applies to the series of Chancellors furnished by the once- powerful Center Party. The generals who were talked about as embryo dictators -- von Seeckt, Groener, even the powerful von Schleicher -- are no more heard of or seen. Stresemann is not merely dead, but has been dead as long as the last Pharaoh. The men who ruled Germany in these fourteen years have been swept away, out of sight, out of mind, out (according to the program of Dr. Goebbels, propagandist-in-chief) of history. The Stahlhelm, the organization of front-line veterans, credited with having saved the country from anarchy and communism in several post-war crises, but feared by the Nazis as a possible rival to their S.A., has been broken and subjected. The Reichswehr, on which General von Schleicher counted and which as recently as last December could and would have supported him in a determined move to establish authority in the name of the flickering Republic, now stands glumly aside. All that its leaders can do is wait (as the Royal Italian Army has waited without result) to see whether there will ever come a moment of chaos when they might step in to reëstablish the state they were enlisted to serve. It is a forlorn hope. One by one continue to fall the last possible citadels of defense against uncontradicted Nazi dictatorship. Buy CSS Books Online as Cash on Delivery http:cssbooks.net / Call/SMS 03336042057 Federal Germany is gone. The Gleichschaltung law disposes of the prerogatives of the separate States, and Nazi leaders have been named Statthalter, with power from Berlin to dismiss State governments should they not prove fully amenable. Eminent Lutheran and Reformist theologians are hastily forming a new and unified Reichskirche to meet the fear of the Nazis that opposition or weakness might develop in the former 28 autonomous churches in the various States, and to simplify their drive against religious organizations which are not two parts blood and iron and only one part milk of human kindness. The Socialist trade unions . were finally seized outright on May 2, the day after the celebration of the "Festival of National Labor." Their buildings were occupied by storm troops, their officers were jailed, and their funds were appropriated to the new Nazi union which is now organizing all labor as an instrument of party will. The judiciary has been weeded over with minute care, and as a result many judges . have either resigned or been dismissed. Henceforth, says a circular of the Prussian Ministry of Justice, judges will be tested for their patriotism and social principles and will be put through periods of service in military camps to school them in "martial sports." In Nazi eyes the conception of abstract justice is outworn.