The Federal Bureau of Prisons protects society by confining offenders in the controlled environments of prisons and community-based facilities that are safe, humane, and appropri- ately secure, and which provide work and other self-improve- ment opportunities to assist offenders in becoming law-abiding -- citizens. Cultural Anchors/Core Values n Bureau family The Bureau of Prisons recognizes that staff are the most valuable resource in accomplishing its mission, and is commit- ted to the personal welfare and professional development of each employee. A concept of “Family” is encouraged through healthy, supportive relationships among staff andorganization responsiveness to staff needs. The active participation of staff at all levels is essential to the development and accomplishment of organizational objectives. n Sound correctional management The Bureau of Prisons maintains effective security and control of its institutions utilizing the least restrictive means necessary. thus providing the essential foundation for sound correctional management programs. n Correctional workers first All Bureau of Prisons staff sham a common role as correctional worker, which requires a mutual responsibility for maintaining safe and secure institutions and for modeling society's mainstream values and norms. Promotes integrity The Bureau of Prisons firmly adheres to a set of values that promotes honesty and integrity in the professional efforts of its staff to ensure public confidence in the Bureau's prudent use of its allocated resources. n Recognizes the dignity of all Recognizing the inherent dignity of all human beings and their potential for change, the Bureau of Prisons treats inmates fairly and responsively and affords them opportunities for self- improvement to facilitate their successful re-entry into the community. The Bureau further recognizes that offenders are incarcerated as punishment, not for punishment. n Career service orientation The Bureau of Prisons is a career-oriented service, which has enjoyed a consistent management philosophy and a continuity of leadership, enabling it to evolve as a stable, professional leader in the field of corrections. n Community relations The Bureau of Prisons recognizes and facilitates the integral role of the community in effectuating the Bureau’s mission, and works cooperatively with other law enforcement agencies, the courts, and other components of government. n High standards The Bureau of Prisons requires high standards of safety, security, sanitation, and discipline, which promote a physically and emotionally sound environment for both staff and inmates. Contents VOL. 3, NO. 1 n Spring 1992 ¨ © 3 The Female Offender: 3 A Profile of Female care of the Pregnant A Prologue Offenders Offender J. Michael Quinlan Sue Kline Anita G. Huft, Lena Sue Fawkes, A statistical overview charts the growth and W. Travis Lawson, Jr. and changes in the Federal female All aspects of pregnancy are affected by 4 The Log offender population. incarceration, which creates dilemmas Correctional notes and comments for medical staff. The 5-South Unit at MCC New York 37 Linking Inmate Community Corrections Families Together 54 “Constants” and and Female Offenders Bobbie Gwinn “Contrasts” Turning Up the Lights Alderson’s L.I.F.T. program helps solve David W. Helman one of the major problems for incarcer- The Older Female Offender Managers must be aware of the ways in ated mothers—separation from their which such factors as the “dependency children. response” affect their female populations. 11 A Journey to Understanding and Change ¦ Women’s Spirituality Ann D. Bartolo in Prison Guylan Gail Paul ¢¡ Equality or Difference? Though incarcerated, women can learn to Nicole Hahn Rafter feel a sense of freedom that changes the way they see themselves. This question has remained a constant in the history of incarcerated women in America. ¦§¦ Women’s Prisons: Their Social and Cultural Environment 59 The Cycle: From Victim 20 The Alderson Years to Victimizer Anne Sims Esther Heffernan Crista Brett Similarities and differences between The first female inmates in minimum- and high- Many women inmates come from Federal security facilities. backgrounds of abuse, and need to be institution for given the tools to form less violent women was for relationships in the future. many years run as a “grand experiment.” ¡§ Canada’s Female Offenders £¥¤ HIV, AIDS, and Jane Miller-Ashton the Female Offender The Canadian Federal system has developed innovative options for W. Travis Lawson, Jr., imprisoned women. and Lena Sue Fawkes A look at a growing problem for prison administrators. 2 Federal Prisons Journal Federal Prisons J. Michael Quinlan Published quarterly by the Director Federal Bureau of Prisons From the editor Thomas R. Kane The Attorney General has determined This issue of the Federal Prisons Assistant Director, Information, Policy, that the publication of this periodical is Journal was a long time in plan- and Public Affairs Division necessary in the transaction of the public ning and production. As we have Dan Dove business required by law of the Depart- discovered, there is little available Chief, Office of Public Affairs ment of Justice. on the subject of female offenders Peter Jones in prison; we hope this issue will Opinions expressed in this periodical are Chief of Communications not only fill a gap, but stimulate not necessarily those of the Federal further research and reporting. Bureau of Prisons or of the U.S. Depart- ment of Justice. Our thanks to the wardens and staff Doug Green Editor members (and inmates) at four institutions the Federal Prisons Ann D. Bartolo Journal visited in fall 1991: the Guest Editor Federal Prison Camp, Alderson, Kristen Mosbæk Design Studio West Virginia; the Federal Medical Design and Art Direction Center, Lexington, West Virginia; the Federal Correctional Institution, Editor’s Advisory Group: Marianna, Florida; and the Metro- Joe Holt Anderson politan Detention Center, Los Senior Editor, National Criminal Justice Contributing artists: Bob Dahm, Fred Angeles, California. Our photogra- Reference Service DeVita, Michael Hill, Sherrell Medbery, phers received complete coopera- Tim Teebken. tion, and we were able to cover the John J. DiIulio, Jr. Professor of Politics and Public Affairs Cover photo: Foreman Denise Thomas full range of activities in institu- and Director, Center of Domestic (left) instructs an inmate worker, tions from minimum to maximum and Comparative Policy Studies, UNICOR cable factory, Federal Medical security. Thanks as well to all the Princeton University Center, Lexington, Kentucky. The contributors from both inside and factory manufactures cable for the outside the Federal Bureau of Dennis Luther Department of Defense. Photo by Craig Prisons. Warden, Federal Correctional Institution, Crawford/U.S. Department of Justice McKean, Pennsylvania Photo Section. Our next issue will be non- Patricia L. Poupore thematic; the issue after that This publication was printed at the Director of Communications and will focus on “management and UNICOR Print Plant, Federal Correc- Publications, American Correctional leadership.” We invite short (two- tional Institution, Sandstone, Minnesota. Association page) contributions from any of our readers, whether or not they work Dr. Vicki Verdeyen The Federal Prisons Journal Chief, Psychology Services, Mid- welcomes your contributions and letters. for the Bureau. Please send your Atlantic Regional Office, Federal Bureau Letters may be edited for reasons of submissions to the address listed of Prisons space. Please contact: at the left. Federal Bureau of Prisons Office of Public Affairs 320 First Street, NW Washington, DC 20534 202-307-3163 Spring 1992 3 The Female Offender A prologue J. Michael Quinlan changes, but will that force us to make similar changes with male inmates? Our society, which has periodically Will the men ask for the same treat- wrestled with women’s issues, is only ment? Will we lose control if what we beginning to accept as fact that many give the women, we then have to give women function differently, manage the men? There are no easy answers to work and personal life differently, and these questions. communicate differently than men. It is all too likely that the perceived In the Bureau of Prisons, we are importance of the issues surrounding continuing to examine our programs women in prison will lag behind those and services for women. Last year, we affecting women in other sectors of sponsored a successful “Issues Forum” society, but I am hopeful that this on the female offender for correctional special issue of the Federal Prisons policymakers. This special issue of the Journal will help enhance synergy Federal Prisons Journal represents among corrections professonals, who another attempt to examine the can sharpen the focus on issues relating really mean treating all inmates the spectrum of issues involving women to women prisoners. same? Or, rather, does it mean that inmates. We hope to raise the aware- their needs should be met at the same ness of those—both administrators and Historically, women offenders have level as those of the male offender— line staff—in a position to make a been compared not just to male even if through “different” programs difference. I would like to acknowl- offenders, but to society’s expectations and services? edge the hard work of Ann D. Bartolo, for all women. Whether the woman Chief of the Female Offender Section, offender was considered to be “fallen” Our staff, who want to do the