(19) *EP002844264B1* (11) EP 2 844 264 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A23K 10/30 (2016.01) A23K 50/10 (2016.01) (2016.01) 06.11.2019 Bulletin 2019/45 A23K 40/10 (21) Application number: 13781686.4 (86) International application number: PCT/CA2013/050312 (22) Date of filing: 22.04.2013 (87) International publication number: WO 2013/159226 (31.10.2013 Gazette 2013/44) (54) CORNUS SERICEA POWDER CORNUS SERICEA PULVER POUDRE DE CORNUS SERICEA (84) Designated Contracting States: • SARVARY M A ET AL: "Effects of natural enemies AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB and host plants in wild and orchard habitats on GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Tortricidae) larval survival", BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, SAN DIEGO, CA, US, vol. 55, no. 2, 1 (30) Priority: 25.04.2012 US 201261638140 P November 2010 (2010-11-01), pages 110-117, XP027266201, ISSN: 1049-9644 [retrieved on (43) Date of publication of application: 2010-08-07] 11.03.2015 Bulletin 2015/11 • LANS CHERYL ET AL: "Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British (73) Proprietor: Red Dog Enterprises Ltd. Columbia, Canada", JOURNAL OF Swan River, Manitoba R0L 1Z0 (CA) ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE, BIOMED CENTRAL, LONDON, GB, vol. 3, no. 1, (72) Inventor: SCALES, Robert 26 February 2007 (2007-02-26), page 11, Swan River, Manitoba R0L 1Z0 (CA) XP021025895, ISSN: 1746-4269, DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-11 (74) Representative: Franke, Dirk • KLING G J ET AL: "Improved method for the Franke & Partner Intellectual Property determination of indole-3-acetic acid in plant Law Firm tissue", JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY, European Patent Attorneys ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V, NL, vol. Widenmayerstrasse 25 407, 1 January 1987 (1987-01-01), pages 377-383, 80538 Munich (DE) XP026554510, ISSN: 0021-9673, DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92640-8 [retrieved on (56) References cited: 1987-01-01] • "Passage Native American Medicinal Plants: An • BJOROY ET AL: "Anthocyanin 3-galactosides Ethnobotanical Dictionary ED - Moerman; Daniel from Cornus alba ’Sibirica’ with glucosidation of E", 1 January 2009 (2009-01-01), NATIVE the B-ring", PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PERGAMON AMERICAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: AN PRESS, GB, vol. 68, no. 5, 20 February 2007 ETHNOBOTANICAL DICTIONARY, TIMBER (2007-02-20), pages 640-645, XP005895968, ISSN: PRESS, PORTLAND OREGON, US, PAGE(S) 154 0031-9422, DOI: - 159, XP008178416, ISBN: 978-1-60469-035-4 * 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2006.11.028 page 156 - page 157 * Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 844 264 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont. next page) EP 2 844 264 B1 • ZACH R ET AL: "EARLY WINTER FOOD HABITS • MCCUNE, LM ET AL.: ’Antioxidant activity in OF MANITOBA CANADA MOOSE ALCES-ALCES medicinal plants associated with the symptoms AS DETERMINED BY 3 RUMEN ANALYSIS of diabetes mellitus used by the indigenous METHODS", CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY peoples of the North American boreal forest.’ J / JOURNAL CANADIEN DE ZOOLOGIE, ETHNOPHARMACOL. vol. 82, no. 2-3, October NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA, 2002, pages 197 - 205, XP002656224 OTTAWA, CA, vol. 60, no. 6, 1 January 1982 • ISAAK, C ET AL.: ’Seasonal variations in phenolic (1982-01-01), pages 1300-1304, XP008178382, compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus ISSN: 0008-4301, DOI: 10.1139/Z82-175 stolonifera plant material: Applications in • L.R.H. Mohlenbrook: "Plant Guide RED OSIER agriculture.’ CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT DOGWOOD, Sericea Cornus", , 19 June 2002 SCIENCE. vol. 93, no. 4, July 2013, pages 725 - (2002-06-19), XP055234255, Retrieved from the 734, XP055174661 Internet: • TIWARI, P ET AL.: ’Phytochemical screening and URL:http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/ Extraction: A Review.’ INTERNATIONALE cs_cose16.pdf [retrieved on 2015-12-07] PHARMACEUTICA SCIENCIA. vol. 1, March 2011, • STANKOVIC, M ET AL.: ’In vitro antioxidant pages 98 - 106, XP055174665 activity of extracts from leaves and fruits of common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea L.).’ ACTA BOTANICA GALLICA,. vol. 159, no. 1, March 2012, pages 79 - 83, XP055174659 2 EP 2 844 264 B1 Description PRIOR APPLICATION INFORMATION 5 [0001] The instant application claims the benefit of US Provisional Application USSN 61/638,140, filed April 25, 2012. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Red-Osier Dogwood (Corpus sericea syn. C stolonifera, Swida sericea), also known as Red Willow, Kinnikinnick, 10 Redstem Dogwood, Redtwig Dogwood, Red-rood, American Dogwood, Creek Dogwood and Western Dogwood, grows on marginal land and is abundant in low wetlands, pasture land and areas where crops and forages do not grow well. Red-Osier Dogwood can tolerate flooding and can survive long periods with its roots below water, but is also drought tolerant. [0003] Red Osier Dogwood is a popular ornamental shrub that is used for waterway bank erosion protection because 15 of its root system. [0004] This shrub is found across Northern and Western North America and across a range of dry to wet forest habitats and does well on poorly drained soils. It is a hardy plant which can be propagated by seed after cold stratification or by cuttings. Cuttings of red-osier dogwood will root with sufficient moisture. Dogwood can also be seeded using conventional methods. 20 [0005] Once established, Red-Osier Dogwood can be harvested annually. Harvest can be done year round if conditions permit. In some lower areas, freeze up may have to occur prior to harvesting. [0006] The seeds themselves take up to sixty days to germinate. They grow to a height of up to six inches the first year. They will reach a height of approximately 2 feet in year 2. [0007] The Wikipedia entry for Red Osier Dogwood states that "some Plateau Indian tribes ate the berries to treat 25 colds and slow bleeding". It further states that "the red osier dogwood was also used by the Lakota and other North Americans as ’traditional tobacco’, either by itself or in a mixture with other plant materials". [0008] Red-osier dogwood provides a valuable cover for birds and many small animals. It is also used for food and cover by deer, elk, moose, rabbits, and grouse to name a few. In the winter months, the plant is often consumed by wild animals such as moose, deer and elk. 30 [0009] Red Osier Dogwood plant material was used by native American tribes in various forms, e.g. decoction or infusion of bark, inner bark, bark shavings, infusion of cambium, whole plants, smoked bark, infusion of plants, smashed fruits for a number of different conditions ranging from inflammatory conditions (e.g. pains, body sores, fever, chest colds, catarrh, and infections, use as painkiller), pediatric and gynecological conditions (e.g. postpartum hemorrhaging), use as an emetic etc. (Moerman, 2009). The use of bark from Red Osier Dogwood in a tobacco mixture and as an 35 emetic, laxative or cathartic by Native American tribes in different geographic regions is documented further by the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service (COSE16, Mohlenbrook, 2002). [0010] The obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana), a native insect in North America, is a pest in apple orchards throughout the United States and Canada. It feeds on a wide variety of host plants, the most abundant of which in the north eastern US are Red Osier dogwood and Gray dogwood. On a diet of dogwood leaves, larvae of the leafroller 40 were found to exhibit a delay in pupation compared to a diet of apple leaves. It was concluded that dogwood leaves may harbor a plant defense system, in that they produce growth inhibitors interfering with the development of early larval stages (Sarvay et al., 2010). [0011] Plant hormones involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, such as indole-3-acetic acid, have been isolated from Red Osier Dogwood plant tissue (Kling et al, 1987). Furthermore, health benefits of plant substances 45 such as anthocyanins, which are enriched in Cornus fruits, such as Red Osier dogwood fruits (Cornus sericea/Cornus stolonifera) have been studied, in particular with relation to potential anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well as in the treatment of diabetes mellitus-related disorders (Bjorøy, et al., 2007). [0012] The use of Red Osier Dogwood as a winter feed for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada, e.g. goats, was described by Lans and Coworkers (Lans et al., 2007); similarly, Red Osier Dogwood plants is consumed by Manitoba 50 Moose in early winter, as determined by rumen analysis (Zach et al., 1982). [0013] However, to the inventor’s knowledge, Red Osier Dogwood has not been used to replace silage in the diet of livestock nor have the antioxidant properties of the plant been extracted and/or exploited. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 55 [0014] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided. an immature Red Osier Dogwood plant material powder according to the subject matter of claim 1. [0015] As discussed herein, the inventor has discovered growth conditions to maximize production of certain anti- 3 EP 2 844 264 B1 oxidants by the plant. Consequently, powders, for example, natural powders prepared by grinding the plant material as discussed below, can be used as a feed supplement that replaces administration of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in animals, as discussed below.