WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE OF THE LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE ANNEX I INVESTIGATION OF NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES THROUGH LAND DRAINAGE TO MINIJA RIVER AT KARTENA MONITORING POST Final Report Vilainiai, Kedainiai Annex I 2005-01-28 INVESTIGATION OF NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES THROUGH LAND DRAINAGE TO MINIJA RIVER AT KARTENA MONITORING POST Final Report Vilainiai, Kedainiai 2005-01-28 2 Annex I Table of Content 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 4 2 STUDY AREA AND INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY ......................................... 5 3 CROPS AREA AND ANIMALS NUMBER WITHIN THE CATCHMENT .................... 8 3.1 Districts and agricultural land area............................................................................. 8 3.2 Land drainage and crops area ................................................................................... 9 3.3 Catchment area and districts area within catchment ............................................... 10 3.4 Districts’ agricultural land area within the catchment ............................................... 11 4 GROSS Ntot and Ptot AGRICULTURAL LOSSES IN THE CATCHMENT.............. 15 4.1 Ntot and Ptot concentration in the drainage flow ..................................................... 15 4.2 Rainfall ..................................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Specific drainage runoff ........................................................................................... 16 4.4 Specific Ntot and Ptot losses ................................................................................... 17 4.5 Ntot and Ptot gross agricultural losses..................................................................... 18 5 CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................... 19 6 REFERENCES......................................................................................................... 20 3 Annex I 1 INTRODUCTION The Project designed to define the nutrient (Ntot and Ptot) losses during 2001-2003 at sources (gross losses) from agricultural land to the subsurface land drainage in the Minija River catchment at Kartena monitoring post (Minija_Kartena catchment). The Project implementation is based on WMI investigations of nutrient losses in small agricultural watersheds and field plot trials in various Lithuanian geographical conditions. Statistical information of crops area and animals number in districts entering the Minija_Kartena catchment was used for calculation of crops area and animal number in the catchment during the period 2001-2003. The main objective of the project is to define Ntot and Ptot losses from agricultural sources through land drainage to Minija River at Kartena monitoring post. Activities include: - Create GIS 1:50000 resolution topographic and administrative maps of the Minija_Kartena catchment. - To design Corine Minija_Kartena catchment map for land cover types calculation. - To find districts’ area and percentage of area from total district area entering to the Minija_Kartena catchment. - To determine land drainage area in the Minija_Kartena catchment. - To determine crop area according crop types (sprig crops, winter crops, row crops (potatoes and sugar beet) and perennial grass as well as number of animals (livestock and pigs) in the Minija_Kartena catchment. - To determine the amount of precipitation for 2001-2003 in the Minija_Kartena catchment. - From long-term drainage monitoring data in Western Lithuania to derive land drainage specific runoff for 2001-2003 and agree it with drainage specific runoff in the Lyzena (Silale district) catchment land drainage. - To calculate Ntot and Ptot yearly specific load for 2001-2003 in drainage flow from different types of crops (spring crops, winter crops, row crops (potatoes and sugar beet) and perennial grass) as well as from animal (livestock and pigs) husbandry for the Minija_Kartena catchment. - To calculate Ntot and Ptot yearly loads through land drainage flow to the Minija_Kartena catchment from various types of crops (sprig crops, winter crops, row crops (potatoes and sugar beet) and perennial grass as well as from animal (livestock and pigs) husbandry. 4 Annex I 2 STUDY AREA AND INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY The study area is Minija River catchment upstream Kartena water measurement post. To determine rivers and streams network entering in the Minija_Kartena catchment scheme of the catchment was drawn (Fig. 1) using Minija River catchment scheme (Gailiusis et al., 2001). Skuodas district Note Kretinga Plunge district Alks na district Salantas Salantai va iu e Lake Plateliai z v d r en Bl a K B s a a b n ta s Misupe ru o n n U la g a a s S pis e e Minija rlu p lev Va u P p Kartena ie Telsiai L rungas district Bab Ce rksne Plunge s Salsa a v a k u il r V d s V u aka a i e Tut S s o M v Stalgenai i e nij Z urke vas a a Kli Sausdru rn Zarenai a na Minija ks Lu la a P Duobulis Tidias Pala Figure 1. Scheme of the Minija_Kartena catchment. According Gailiusis et al. (2001) area of the Minija catchment upstream Kartena is 1220.1 km2. Firstly it was analysed structure, content and conformity of data owned by our institute and possible statistical data to the data format needed to this project. It was defined that available data cannot be directly used for gross Ntot and Ptot load calculation for Minija_Kartena catchment. Because of that it was need additional work of GIS specialist to make up the Minija_Kartena catchment GIS maps according requested format. Minija_Kartena catchment GIS map was created using the digital map of the Lithuania (LTDBK50000, 1998) and Lithuanian CORINE land cover M 1: 100 000 map (JRC, 1995). Because lack of agricultural runoff monitoring data in the Minija_Kartena catchment nutrient specific load (NSL) for the study area were calculated taking our field plot trials data and monitoring data in small 5 Annex I agricultural watersheds located in various areas of Lithuania. It was accepted that for the same year concentration of Ntot and Ptot in land drainage flow from the same type of crops and animals in our monitoring areas was similar to the Minija_Kartena catchment. Land drainage specific runoff for each study year was calculated using analogy method and our drainage monitoring data in Western part of Lithuania (Lyzena catchment in Silale district). NSL to the drainage flow is a product of concentration and drainage specific runoff. The main problem for Ntot and Ptot gross load calculation in the Minija_Kartena catchment was absence of data on crops area and animal number in the study area. Statistical annals gives district data but only part of the Kretinga, Skuodas, Plunge and Telsiai districts enter in the Minija_Kartena catchment. It was accepted that crops and animals are spread evenly in the district and study area agricultural land. Under this precondition for Ntot and Ptot gross load calculation it was needed to define percent of districts’ agricultural land area within the Minija_Kartena catchment. Firstly the Minija_Kartena catchment map was designed using the Lithuanian digital map (LTDBK50000, 1998). River network, location of Kartena monitoring post, district boundaries, roads and land use types of the Kretinga, Skuodas, Plunge and Telsiai districts were converted from ARC/INFO database to Arc View shape files for catchment area delineation. After catchment area delineation Arc View themes needed for further investigation were clipped from the districts digital map. Area of designated catchment was agreed with the area of the Minija_Kartena catchment calculated by Gailiusis et al. (2001). Data of agricultural land area are rather old in the Lithuanian digital map (LTDBK50000, 1998), therefore it was decided for further calculations to use Lithuanian CORINE land cover M 1: 100 000 map (JRC, 1995). For calculation of agricultural land area of the districts’ within the study area catchment boundaries from the Lithuanian digital map (LTDBK50000, 1998) were transported to CORINE land cover Arc View shape files converted from ARC/INFO database. Agricultural land area of each district within the Minija_Kartena catchment was calculated after clipping study area from CORINE land cover map. Crops area and animals number in the Minija_Kartena catchment was calculated after that proportionally to agricultural land area of each district entering to the study area. Within the Minija_Kartena catchment there are no meteorological stations. But nearby the watershed there are four stations and continuous monitoring of meteorological phenomenon (air temperature, rainfall, air humidity and soil temperature) is performed. To the northwest of the Minija_Kartena catchment there is Skuodas meteorological station; to the southwest – Vezaiciai, to the east – Telsiai and to the southeast – Laukuva meteorological station. To calculate rainfall method of medians was used. Watershed area is divided to as many parts as the number of stations, i.e. the boundary of the area of every part is in the middle of the distance between the neighbouring stations. The area of the catchment attributed to the station shows the share of that station data to the average rainfall value in the watershed, therefore this method is often called the method of weighted average (Cebotariovas, 1983). 6 Annex I Land drainage specific runoff for the Minija_Kartena catchment was calculated