SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT UNIT n LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes Antigua and Barbuda ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA COUNTRIES AT HIGH ECONOMIC RISK FROM MULTIPLE HAZARDS (Top 33 based on GDP with 3 or more hazards)a 1. Taiwan, China 2. Dominican Republic 3. Jamaica 4. El Salvador 5. Guatemala 6. ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 8. Costa Rica 10. Colombia 21. St. Kitts and Nevis 24. Honduras 27. Mexico 28. Hong Kong, China 30. Mozambique 32. Bolivia 33. United States a Dilley et al. (2005). Table 7.2. The tourism sector, a major contributor to the Antigua and Barbuda’s economy, is largely insured by commercial underwriters. Haiti Panama Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100.00 Lack of Resilience (2007) 50.00 Local Events (2006-8) Haiti 0.00 1,000,000 8% 800,000 Socio-economic Fragility16% (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) 600,000 76% 400,000 LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical Susceptibility 200,000 (2007) Panama 0 ■ Storm ■ Drought ■ Flood Storm Colombia Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100.00 Panama Lack of Resilience (2007) 50.00 Local Events (2006-8) 80,000 70,000 0.00 43% 60,000 50,000 7% 2% 40,000 Socio-economic F10%ragility (2007) 30,000 Risk Management Index (2008) 37% 20,000 10,000 LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical0 Susceptibility Colombia Flood Storm Flood Epidemic Earthquake (2007) Drought Storm Colombia c Costa Rica Relative Vulnerability and Risk Indicators 2,500,000 Major Disaster Impact (2000) 2,000,000 2% 2% 73% 1,500,000 Risk management Index Local Events (2007) 1,000,000 (2008) 23% Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100.00 500,000 0 Flood Earthquake Drought Earthquake Insect Inf. Storm Volcano Lack of Resilience (2007) 50.00 Local Events (2006-8) Storm Exposure & Physical Lack of Resilience (2007) 0.00 Susceptibility (2007) LAC 16 Average Colombia Costa Rica Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) Socio-economic Fragility 400,000 350,000 LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical Susceptibility300,000 Costa Rica (2007) 2% 68% 250,000 200,000 150,000 30% 100,000 50,000 0 Storm Flood Earthquake Drought Earthquake* Flood Storm Ecuador Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100.00 Ecuador Lack of Resilience (2007) 50.00 Local Events (2006-8) 2,000,000 0.00 1,500,000 3% 63% 1,000,000 20% Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) 500,000 7% 1% 5% 0 LCR 17 Average Earthquake* Flood Mass mov. wet Volcano Flood EpidemicExposure Earthquake & Physical Susceptibility (2007) Ecuador Drought Volcano Mass mov. wet Guatemala Antigua and Barbuda Guatemala Natural Disasters from 1983-1999b 2,000,000 Affected People Economic Damages 2% 58% 1,500,000 Disaster Date Affected (Number of People) Disaster Date Cost (US$ x 1,000) Drought 1983 75,000 Storm 1995 400,000 1,000,000 Storm 1995 68,70218% Storm 1998 100,000 Major Disaster Impact (2000) Storm 2008 25,800 100 Storm 1989 80,000 Storm 1989 8,030 15% 500,000Drought 1983 0 Storm 1999 3,4233% Storm 1990 0 Storm 1999 2,534 3% Storm0 1999 0 Storm 1998 2,025Lac Stormk of ResilienceFlood (200 Epidemic 7) 50 Storm Drought1999Local EventsFlood (2000)0 Storm Storm 1990 Earthquake0 Drought Volcano Storm 2008 0 0 b Statistics by DisasterAntigua and Type Barbuda SPopulationocio-economic Affected Fragility by (200 Disaster7) Type Economic DamagesRisk / DisasterManagement Type Inde (1000sx (200 US$)8) 600,000 500,000 LCR 17 Average 53% Exposure & Physical Susceptibility 400,000 (2007) Guatemala 300,000 47% 200,000 100,000 0 Storm Storm Drought Antigua and Barbuda Belize 600,000 500,000 1% 400,000 99% 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Storm Storm Flood Bolivia 2,000,000 b UN (2009). http://www.preventionweb.net/english/countries/statistics/?cid=6. Source data from EM-DAT. Data displayed does not imply national 1,500,000 endorsement. 3% 61% 1,000,000 36% 85 500,000 Belize 0 Drought Flood Mass mov. wet Drought Flood Mass mov. wet Dominica 250,000 200,000 150,000 100% 100,000 50,000 0 Storm Storm Dominican Republic 3,000,000 2,500,000 55% 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 Bolivia 45% 500,000 0 Flood Storm Flood Storm Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100 Lack of Resilience (2007) 50 Local Events (2006-8) El Salvador 0 3,500,000 3,000,000 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) 2,500,000 2% 76% 2,000,000 4% LCR 17 Average 5% 1,500,000 Exposure & Physical Susceptibility Bolivia (2007) 13% 1,000,000 500,000 0 Drought Earthquake* Flood Storm Earthquake Drought Storm Flood Epidemics Dominica Grenada 1,000,000 800,000 100% 600,000 400,000 200,000 Storm 0 Storm Honduras 5,000,000 4,000,000 66% 3,000,000 12% 2,000,000 23% 1,000,000 0 Dominican Republic Storm Flood Drought Flood Storm Jamaica Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100 2,500,000 2,000,000 66% Lack of Resilience (2007) 50 Local Events (2000) 1,500,000 1,000,000 34% 0 500,000 0 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management IndeFloodx (2008) Storm Storm Flood LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical Susceptibility (2007) Dominican Republic Nicaragua 2,000,000 El Salvador 59% 1,500,000 11% 1,000,000 Major Disaster Impact (2000)500,000 20% 11% 100 0 Storm Flood Drought Earthquake* Storm Wildfire Lack of ResilienceVolcano (2007) 50 Local Events (2000) 0 Peru Socio-economic Fragility (2007) 2,500,000 Risk Management Index (2008) 38% 2,000,000 2% LCR 17 Average 1,500,000 Exposure8% & Physical Susceptibility (2007) El Salvador 15% 1,000,000 6% 26% 500,000 5% 0 Extreme Temp. Epidemics Earthquake Drought Drought Earthquake* Flood Mass mov. wet Storm Mass mov. wet Flood Grenada St Kitts and Nevis 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 100% 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 Storm Storm St Lucia 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 100% 600,000 Honduras 400,000 Major Disaster Impact (2000)200,000 100 0 Storm Storm Lack of Resilience (2007) 50 Local Events (2000) St Vincent and the grenadines 0 40,000 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) 35,000 Risk Management Index (2008) 30,000 25,000 LCR 17 Average 6% 94% Exposure & Physical Susceptibility20,000 (2007) Honduras 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Storm Flood Flood Storm Jamaica Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100 Lack of Resilience (2007) 50 Local Events (2000) 0 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical Susceptibility Jamaica (2007) Nicaragua Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100 Lack of Resilience (2007) 50 Local Events (2000) 0 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) LCR 17 Average Nicaragua Exposure & Physical Susceptibility (2007) Peru Major Disaster Impact (2000) 100.00 Lack of Resilience (2007) 50.00 Local Events (2006-8) 0.00 Socio-economic Fragility (2007) Risk Management Index (2008) LCR 17 Average Exposure & Physical Susceptibility (2007) Peru St Kitts and Nevis St Lucia St Vincent and the grenadines Disaster Risk Management in Latin America and the Caribbean Region: GFDRR Country Notes disastER risK PROfiLE variability results in open exposures to the effects of wind and rain. Antigua and Barbuda is among the top five countries most exposed to multiple hazards. Since 1950, Antigua and Barbuda have been 100% of the land area and 100% of the population is exposed to 11 named storms whose track has exposed to 2 or more hazards. In terms of risk to GDP, passed within 40 km of the two islands. This Antigua and Barbuda is among the top 20 countries includes eight hurricanes; three notably intense storms with an estimated 80.4% of GDP at risk from two or which passed directly over the islands included Donna more hazards.1 (1960, Category 4); Luis (1995, Category 4); and Georges (1998, Category 3).2 Potential storm impacts Antigua and Barbuda are located in the northern can be crippling. Damages estimated in the aftermath end of the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean, at of Luis, for example, were placed at approximately 2/3 approximately 17o 03’ north latitude by 61o 48’ of the country’s GDP. west longitude. The two islands occupy approximately some 442 km2 with Antigua, the larger of the two, Antigua and Barbuda experience rainy and dry covering approximately 280 km2, and Barbuda with seasons and are particularly vulnerable to drought. approximately 161 km2 of surface area. Antigua is This is due to the geology of the islands, which consists roughly circular in shape, measuring approximately 19 largely of limestone plains. As much of the topography km along the north-south axis and approximately 23 km is relatively low-lying, these islands lack a significant along the east-west axis. Approximately 40 km to the stream network. Groundwater is the principal source north of Antigua is the island of Barbuda measuring for freshwater which is recharged by direct infiltration of approximately 22 km along the northwest-southeast axis rainwater through the surface. The islands have added and approximately 14 km in width at its widest points. desalination systems to augment freshwater supplies. The estimated population for Antigua and Barbuda is approximately 90,000 persons. One seaport serves the islands and is located on Antigua in the capital St. Johns. The islands are Elevations on Antigua range from sea level to also served by a single international airport on Antigua its highest peak, Boggy Peak, measuring 402 and two smaller airfields on Barbuda. meters above sea level. Barbuda is a low-lying island without significant topography much of which is Economic risks are related to the country’s below 20 meters elevation.