Humidtropics Program Consultants’ final report A situational analysis of agricultural production and marketing, and natural resources management systems in the humid tropical zones of Cameroon Authors: Dr. Aimé Landry DONGMO (Agro-ecologist, Team Leader) Mrs.Tata Precillia IJANG (Environmental Socioeconomist, Deputy team Leader) Mr. Achille TUETE (environmentalist); Dr. Justin OKOLLE (Pest management); Mr. S. BILLA FRU (environmentalist); Mrs. Christelle DJOMKWO (Socioeconomist); Dr. Gwendoline NYAMBI (Extentionist); Mr. Félix FOZEN (Agronomist); Mr. G. NTSOMBOH NTSEFONG (Seed system expert); Mr. Arnaud TOKO (Environmentalist); Mrs. Precilia NGAUNKAM (Cartographer); Dr. Guillaume FONGANG (Agroeconomist); Mr. Francis NTIMENA (Sociologist); Mrs. Crescence MOMA (Socioeconomist); Dr. Cyrille Bergaly KAMDEM (Economist); Dr. F. NGOME AJEBESONE (System Agronomist); Mr. Serge DJOMENI (Environmentalist); Dr. Denis FOLEFACK (Agroeconomist) This report was written with oversight from a supervisory committee featuring: Dr. Bidogeza Jean-Claude (AVRDC), Dr. Fleissner Klaus (AVRDC), Dr. Holger Kirscht (IITA), Dr. Latifou Idrissou (IITA), Dr. Ann De Degrande (ICRAF), Dr. Mogo Amos (MINRESI), Dr. Neree Onguene Awana (IRAD), Mr. Ashu A. Tambe (CASD), Mme Nana Sanjong Leopoldine (MINADER), Mme Mezeme Engama Marie Joseph (CNOP-CAM), Mme Kendenh Vivian Jioy (MINPROFF), Dr. Mvondo Awono Jean-Pierre (Dschang University) and Prof. Fidoline Ngo Nonga (Yaoundé II University) Yaoundé, Cameroun December 2014 1 CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 5 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 8 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 9 List of annexes ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 13 I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2. Situation Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 18 II. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 19 2.1. Intervention sites............................................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Data collection ................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Data analysis and presentation......................................................................................................... 21 III. Development overview ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Population ......................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Population density ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2. Population structure ................................................................................................................... 23 3.1.3 Trend in population growth ......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4. Challenges of population growth ................................................................................................ 25 3.2. Employment opportunities ................................................................................................................ 25 3.3. Gender issues and factors ................................................................................................................ 26 3.4 Health, nutrition and food security ..................................................................................................... 28 3.4.1. Health and nutrition .................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2. Poverty and food security .......................................................................................................... 31 3.5. Education and literacy ...................................................................................................................... 32 3.6. Wealth and incomes ......................................................................................................................... 34 3.7. Infrastructural development (Access to Electricity, Water, Roads) ................................................... 35 2 3.8. Ethnicity and Migration ..................................................................................................................... 36 IV. Production systems ................................................................................................................................ 38 4.1. Production’s environnement ............................................................................................................. 38 Field Site I, located in Humid Forest Zone with Bimodal Rainfall (HFZBR) .......................................... 38 Field Site II, located in Humid Forest Zone with Monomodal Rainfall (HFZMR) .................................. 39 Field Site III, located in the Western Highlands Zone (WHZ) ............................................................... 40 4.2. Factors of production ........................................................................................................................ 41 4.2.1. Land use system ........................................................................................................................ 41 4.2.2. Land tenure system ................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.3. Access to land, water, labour and capital................................................................................... 42 4.2.4. Trends, problems and Challenges ............................................................................................. 44 4.3. Typology of main agricultural producers ........................................................................................... 45 4.3.1. Family farms (FF) .................................................................................................................. 45 4.3.2. The medium-sized agricultural entreprises ............................................................................. 46 4.3.3. Agribusiness ........................................................................................................................... 46 4.4. Productivity of main commodities .......................................................................................... 47 4.4.1. Food crops ................................................................................................................................. 47 4.4.2. Cash crops................................................................................................................................. 50 4.4.3. Livestock .................................................................................................................................... 53 4.4.4. Summary of key findings and challenges................................................................................... 55 4.5. Current models of farming system .................................................................................................... 57 4.5.1. Food crop systems .................................................................................................................... 57 4.5.2. Cocoa-based production systems .............................................................................................. 59 4.5.3. COFFEE-BASED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 62 4.5.4. Rubber-based Production systems ............................................................................................ 63 4.5.5. Production systems of palm grove ............................................................................................. 65 4.5.6. Fruits and vegetables production systems in rural areas ........................................................... 67 4.5.7. Urban and sub-urban production systems ................................................................................. 68 3 4.5.8. Livestock systems .....................................................................................................................