DOCUMENT RESUME ED 083 950 HE 004 838 TITLE The Utilisation of Highly Qualified Personnel. Venice Conference, 25th-27th October 1971. INSTITUTION Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France) . PUB DATE 73 NOTE 427p. AVAILABLE FROM OECD Publications Center, Suite 1207,1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 ($8.00). EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$16.45 DESCRIPTORS Career Opportunities; *Conference Reports; *Educational Policy; *Employment Trends; *Higher Education; *Manpower Utilization; Professional Education; Professional Training; Scientific Manpower ABSTRACT This document reports the highlights of an international conference designed to study the utilization of highly qualified personnel. Following the opening addresses by various participants, discussion documents and basic reports are presented. Four areas of concern include the state of Pmployment and employment policy, the conditions and aims of educatioL and training, concerted action, and psychological and social factors. Discussion documents cover employment prospects in the 1970's, career development and mobility, and further education and training of highly qualified personnel. The basic reports include employment prospects in the seventies, further education and training of highly qualified personnel, the allocation of labor and the consequences for educational policy, and international movements of scientists and engineers in the 1960's as an aspect of the mobility of highly qualified manpower. The appendices include the agenda, a list of documents submitted to the conference, and a list of participants to the conference. (MJM) FILMED FROM BEST AVAILABLE COPY THE UTILISATION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCETHIS COPY- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RIGHTED MATERIAL HAS BEEN EDUCATION GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATINC, IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE TO ERIC ANC CRDAN!ZATIONSOPERATING SENT OFFICIAL NF TiONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY UNDER AGREEMENTS WI1H THE NATIONALIN- STITUTE OF EDUCATIONFURTHER REPRO. Doc liar) OUTSIDE THE ERIC SYSTEMRE. QUIRES PERMISSION OFTHE COPYRIGHT OWNER VENICE CONFERENCE 25th-27th OCTOBER 1971 c\--) \.)ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Devel- opment (OECD) was set up under a Convention signed in Paris on 14th December, 1960, which provides that the OECD shall promote policies designed : to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial sta- bility, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The Members of OECD are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. © Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1973. Que: ies concerning permissions ortranslationrightsshould be addressed to : Director of Information, OECD 2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France. PREFACE The second Intergovernmcntal Conference on the Utilisation of Highly Qualified Personnel was held in Venice, under the auspices of the Italian Ministry of Public Instruction, from 25th to 27th October, 1971. It was attended by high-level Member government represent- atives responsible for employment and education and by represent- atives of industry, employers? organisations, professional associations and trade unions. The Chairman of the Conference was Mr. Pier Luigi Romita, Under-Secretary of State for Public Instruction (Italy); the sessions were presided over by Mr. Malcolm R. Lovell, Jr., Assistant Secretary for Manpower (United States); Dr. G.N. Perry, Assistant Deputy Minister, Ministry of Manpower and Immigration (Canada); and Recteur Jean Capelle, Rapporteur de la Commission des Affaires culturelles, familiales et sociales de 11Assemblee nationale (France). The first Conference on the Utilisation and Training of Scientific and Technical Personnel took place in Paris in September, 1966. At that time, governments were mainly concerned with the growing need for qualified personnel in an expanding economy, and the definition of an education policy to meet this need through the adaptation and transformation of educational structures and objectives. They were also seeking to make the most of available qualifications through better deployment, improved opportunities for adaptation to technoogical change and professional development. The second ,onference reached beyond these mainly economic concerns. The preparation of the Venice Conference brought to light, in the most advanced countries, new trends in qualifica- tion supply and demand linked with economic development and the spread of technical progress, but also with educational growth and current changes in the objectives of society. It seems doubtful that these trends will be reversed. 5 J These trends reveal a certain divergence between the present orientation of the educational system, the economy's needs and actual employment opportunities; they raise a whole set of new problems and lead to a re-examination of the education and employ- ment policies practised over the years by governments, firms, employers' organisations and trade unions and point sharply to the need for new concepts to bring about greater integration between these policies if the aspirations and career patterns of individuals are to be reconciled with the changing needs of society and the economy. The aim of the second Conference was thus to bring about an awareness of the nature and magnitude of current changes, the responsibilities of the various interested parties in the defini- tion and implementation of policies and the need to take an over- all view of the problems. The Conference also made it possible to define the fields in which research, with a new approach, will be most necessary and likely to yield practical results. Acknowledgements The OECD wishes to thank the Italian Government and the Giorgio Cini Foundation for receiving the Conference on the beautiful Island of San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, and for their extremely efficient assistance in the organisation and holding of the Conference. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Summary.of discussions by Roger Gregoire, Conseiller dtEtat (France) 11 Book I - Proceedings of the Conference Part One Opening Addresses I. Address by Gerard Eldin, Deputy Secretary-General of the OECD II. Address by Pier Luigi Romita, Under-Secretary of State for Public Instructior. (Italy) III. Address by Malcolm R. Lovell, Jr., Assistant Secretary for Manpower, Department of Labor (United States) IV. Address by Folke Malden Swedish Employers' Confederation, representing the Business and Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD 4) V. Address by Robert Cottave, Secretaire General, Federation nationale des ingenieurs et cadres superieurs (Force Ouvri?re) (France) Representing the Trade Union Advisory cTaITTee to the OECD VI. Address by Seymour L. Wolfbein, School of Business Administration, Temple University, Philadelphia (United States) 59 9 Part Two Major Policy Problems I. Overview hy Leon Ter-Davtian, Directorate for Scientific Affairs,OECD 69 II. Discussion documents A. Employment Prospects in the 1970s 93 B. Career Development and Mobility 98 C. Further Education and Training of Highly Qualified Personnel 105 III. Conclusions of the Conference 115 Book II - Basic Reports I. Employment Prospects in the Seventies hy Eric Esnault, Directorate for Scientific Affairs.. 125 II. Further Education and Training of Highly Qualified Personnel by Jean le Pas, Directorate for Scientific Affairs... 211 III. The Allocation of Labour and the Consequences for Educational Pol!cy by Olav Magbussen, Directorate for Scientific Alfairs 281 IV. International Movements of Scientists and Engineers in the -.960s as an Aspect of the Mobility of Highly Qualified Manpower by the Secretariat. 31^ ANNEXES I. Agenda 403 II. List of documents submitted to the Conference 409 III. List of Participants to the Conference 413 10 SUMMARY OF DISCUSSIONS hi Roger Gregoire, Conseiller dlEtat (France) It is indeed a difficult task, at the end of a Conference such as the present, to sum up so many contributions, so full of valuable material, and to draw conclusions from them. It would be presumptuous to try to do more than give a few impressions of the trend of events and ideas between the Paris meeting in 1966 and the one which has just ended. These impressions are based on the very comprehensive documentation presented by Member countries, the speeches of the different Delegations and talks in the cloisters and garde.s of the Giorgio Cini Foundation. Like all impressions, they no doubt include a certain subjective element. The changes which have taken place over the past five years in the manner of formulating and answering questions affecting highly qualified personnel can, with a little artifice, be grouped under four heads, according to their main centre of interest,