Matthew Helmke with Andrew Hudson and Paul Hudson Ubuntu UNLEASHED 2013 Edition 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Ubuntu Unleashed 2013 Edition Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval Acquisitions Editor system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record- Debra Williams ing, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every Cauley precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author Development Editor assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Michael Thurston ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33624-9 Managing Editor ISBN-10: 0-672-33624-3 Kristy Hart Project Editor The Library of Congress cataloging-in-publication data is on file. Jovana Shirley Printed in the United States of America Copy Editor First Printing December 2012 Charlotte Kughen Trademarks Indexer All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have Angie Martin been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity Proofreader of any trademark or service mark. Language Logistics Warning and Disclaimer Technical Editors Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as Chris Johnston possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an Shannon Oliver “as is” basis. The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information Editorial Assistant contained in this book or programs accompanying it. Kim Boedigheimer Bulk Sales Media Producer Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for Dan Scherf bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales Cover Designer 1-800-382-3419 Anne Jones [email protected] For sales outside of the U.S., please contact Compositor Nonie Ratcliff International Sales [email protected] Contents at a Glance Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration ............................ 7 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 2 Working with Unity ........................................................................... 33 3 On the Internet ................................................................................. 51 4 Productivity Applications ................................................................... 65 5 Multimedia Applications .................................................................... 75 6 Other Ubuntu Interfaces ..................................................................... 99 7 Games .............................................................................................107 Part III System Administration 8 Managing Software ...........................................................................119 9 Command-Line Quickstart................................................................. 1 33 10 Command-Line Master Class .............................................................169 11 Managing Users ................................................................................209 12 Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting ................................................. 237 13 The Boot Process ............................................................................... 281 14 System-Monitoring Tools ................................................................... 291 15 Backing Up ...................................................................................... 307 16 Networking ...................................................................................... 335 17 Remote Access with SSH and Telnet.................................................... 381 18 Securing Your Machines .................................................................... 391 19 Performance Tuning.......................................................................... 405 20 Kernel and Module Management ....................................................... 417 Part IV Ubuntu as a Server 21 Sharing Files and Printers .................................................................. 439 22 Apache Web Server Management ....................................................... 461 23 Other Http Servers ............................................................................ 491 24 Remote File Serving with FTP ............................................................. 497 25 Handling Email ................................................................................ 507 iv Ubuntu Unleashed 2013 Edition 26 Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) ........... 527 27 Administering Relational Database Services ......................................... 543 28 NoSQL Databases .............................................................................. 569 29 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) ..................................... 581 30 Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP) .................................................. 589 31 Virtualization on Ubuntu .................................................................. 597 32 Ubuntu in the Cloud ........................................................................ 607 33 Managing Sets of Servers ................................................................... 641 Part V Programming Linux 34 Opportunistic Development .............................................................. 645 35 Helping with Ubuntu Development ................................................... 665 36 Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA ................................................ 675 37 Using Perl ........................................................................................ 681 38 Using Python ................................................................................... 703 39 Using PHP ........................................................................................ 723 40 C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu ............................................... 755 41 Using Other Popular Programming Languages ..................................... 767 42 Beginning Mobile Development for Android ....................................... 779 Part VI Appendices A Ubuntu Under the Hood ................................................................... 787 B Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources ................................................. 797 Index ...............................................................................................807 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Licensing ............................................................................................ 2 Who This Book Is For ........................................................................... 3 Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users ............ 3 Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps .......................................... 4 What This Book Contains ..................................................................... 5 Conventions Used in This Book ............................................................ 5 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration 7 Before You Begin the Installation .......................................................... 7 Researching Your Hardware Specifications ..................................... 8 Installation Options ..................................................................... 8 Planning Partition Strategies ....................................................... 10 The Boot Loader ........................................................................ 10 Installing from DVD or USB Drive ............................................... 11 Step-by-Step Installation ..................................................................... 11 Installing .................................................................................. 12 First Update .............................................................................. 16 Wubi: The Easy Installer for Windows ......................................... 16 Shutting Down .................................................................................. 18 Finding Programs and Files ................................................................. 19 Software Updater ............................................................................... 19 The sudo Command ........................................................................... 22 Configuring Software Repositories ....................................................... 23 System Settings .................................................................................. 26 Detecting and Configuring a Printer ............................................ 26 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu ................................. 27 Setting the Time and Date .......................................................... 27 Configuring Wireless Networks ..........................................................