Blumea 57, 2013: 253–262 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651913X664595 Three large-stature bamboo species of Dendrocalamus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from northern Vietnam Van Tho Nguyen1,2,5, Nian-he Xia1, Hoang Nghia Nguyen3, Viet Lam Le4 Key words Abstract Three large bamboo species of genus Dendrocalamus from northern Vietnam are described and dis- cussed: D. cauhaiensis, D. multiflosculus and D. taybacensis. All three species belong to subgenus Sinocalamus, Bambusoideae with large culms, basal nodes without branches, and bearing 5–10 perfect flowers. Dendrocalamus Vietnam Published on 7 February 2013 INTRODUCTION collected in Phu Tho, Yen Bai, Son La, Dien Bien provinces, under the local names ‘May pua pung’, ‘Pua mon’ and ‘Maicay’. Genus Dendrocalamus was described in 1834 by Nees von Flowering specimens of them are characterized by 5–10 perfect Esenbeck based on Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees and flowers, very short and not disarticulated rachilla-internodes, currently comprises about 52 species (Ohrnberger 1999). They 1-keeled prophyll, free filament, one stigma, and basal nodes of are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of culm without branches. Based on the morphological characters Asia from India and Nepal to South China, Myanmar, Thailand, of culms, leaves, culm sheaths and flowers, and referring to Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea the publications by Camus (1913), Camus & Camus (1923), (Munro 1868, Gamble 1896, Stapleton 1994, Dransfield & Nguyen (1989, 1990, 1991), Stapleton (1994), Dransfield & Widjaja 1995, Seethalakshmi & Kumar 1998, Ohrnberger 1999, Widjaja (1995), Hsueh & Li (1988a, b, 1996), Seethalakshmi & Li & Stapleton 2006). Kumar (1998), Li & Stapleton (2006), Yi et al. (2008), Nguyen et Camus (1913) was the first person to enumerate species of al. (2011), we confirm that these species are clearly members Dendrocalamus from Vietnam and he recorded three species of the genus Dendrocalamus and belong to subg. Sinocalamus (D. brandisii, D. giganteus, D. latiflorus). Camus & Camus according to the subgeneric classification of Dendrocalamus (1923) continued to work extensively on bamboos of Vietnam (Hsueh & Li 1988a, 1996). as well as of Indochina and recorded another three species of This genus contains the largest-sized species of all bamboos, Dendrocalamus (D. flagellifer, D. hamiltonii, D. patellaris). T.Q. and these three species of this group are very large in stature Nguyen worked on this group of bamboo for some time and also. All three have a culm sheath blade that is c. 1/5 as long published 6 new species (Sinocalamus bacthaiensis, S. maien­ as sheath proper. Both ‘May pua pung’ and ‘Pua mon’ have sis, S. nhatrangensis, S. rugosiglumis, S. sang, S. yentuensis) paleas with 2 veins between keel and edge, and ‘Maicay’ has (Nguyen 1989, 1990, 1991), although she described them in subfalcate culm sheath auricles with several setae, and 9–11 the genus Sinocalamus McClure, which is widely reduced to a mm long, fimbriate culm sheath ligules. ‘Maicay’, ‘Pua mon’, synonym of Dendrocalamus Nees based on florets of the type and ‘May pua pung’ are similar to D. yunnanicus Hsueh & species, Sinocalamus latiflorus (Munro) McClure, without lodi- D.Z.Li, D. calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz and D. sinicus L.C.Chia & cules (Chia & Fung 1980, Stapleton 1994, Dransfield & Widjaja J.L.Sun in certain characters, but differ in others. After carefully 1995, Wong 1995, Hsueh & Li 1996, 2003, Seethalakshmi & comparing their morphological characters with type specimens Kumar 1998, Li & Stapleton 2006, Yi et al. 2008). Currently in and pictures of type specimens on websites of several herbaria, Vietnam, there are considered to be 29 candidates for specific particularly those of the inflorescences, we drew the conclusion status in this genus, only 14 of them having been described that all three of these large-stature species from Vietnam are (Nguyen 2006). new to science. During revisional investigations into the bamboos of northern Vietnam, specimens of three distinctive bamboo species were Further investigation is required to determine the distribution, local uses, and conservation status of these species. They are likely to represent remnants of the original natural broadleaved 1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden, South China Bo- forest that once covered the area before it was developed for tanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, agricultural use, and may persist either in degraded forest China; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. areas or as adopted cultivated plants around farms and vil- 2 Forest Science Centre for Central Northern Vietnam, Vietnamese Academy lages. Currently they have only been collected in a very limited of Forest Sciences, Chan Mong commune, Doan Hung District, Phu Tho province, Vietnam; e-mail: [email protected]. number of localities. They may be more widespread, or they 3 Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi, Vietnam. may be endangered. Such bamboo species are of considerable 4 Department of Science and Technology for Economic and Technical utility, providing edible shoots, and general purpose material Branches, Ministry of Science and Technology, 39 Tran Hung Dao Street, for construction and tools. They can also provide raw material Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi City, Vietnam. 5 The Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, for production of paper pulp and other forest products, when 100049, China. available in sufficient quantity. © 2013 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. 254 Blumea – Volume 57 / 3, 2013 g f 1 cm m 1 cm m d 5 h c 1 cm 2 cm 2 cm a b p i j k m n o 1 mm 1 mm 2 cm 1 mm 0.2 mm 1 mm l 1 mm e 1 mm Fig. 1 Dendrocalamus cauhaiensis N.H.Xia & V.T.Nguyen. a. Culm and dorminant bud; b. culm sheath, abaxial view; c. culm sheath, adaxial view; d. culm sheath ligule; e. leaf; f. leaf ligule; g. flowering branch; h. pseudospikelet; i. prophyll; j. glume; k. lemma; l. palea; m, n. lodicules; o. pistil; p. anther (a–f: Van Tho Nguyen NVT162, g–p: Van Tho Nguyen NVT20091215; all FSIV). — Drawn by V.T. Nguyen. Materials AND METHODS FSIV), HN, HNU and VNM. Vegetative parts were measured in the field, and the reproductive parts were analysed under This study is predominantly based on plant material newly a stereomicroscope (Olympus SZZ16) linked with a computer collected in northern provinces of Vietnam, Son La, Dien Bien, in IBSC. Phu Tho, Yen Bai province, and the specimens in the herbaria Our observations were compared with type specimens in CPNP, FSIV (Forest Science Institute of Vietnam), FSIV-CH herbaria (CANT, HITBC, IBSC, KUN, LE, P, PE, SWFC, SYS), (Cau Hai Silvicultural Research and Experimental Centre of pictures of the type specimens on websites of herbaria (E, K, Van Tho Nguyen et al.: Dendrocalamus from northern Vietnam 255 a a1 b f j i e g h d c Fig. 2 Dendrocalamus cauhaiensis N.H.Xia & V.T.Nguyen. a. Clump; a1. dorminant bud; b. young shoot; c. culm sheath; d. ligule and auricle of culm sheath; e. flowering branch; f. pseudospikelet; g. prophyll; h. palea; i. lemma; j. pistil. — Photos by V.T. Nguyen. 256 Blumea – Volume 57 / 3, 2013 L, P, US, W), and the publications by Munro (1868), Gamble rowly lanceolate, c. 1/5 as long as sheath proper, apex acumi- (1896), Camus (1913), Camus & Camus (1923), Nguyen (1989, nate, adaxially white-tawny hispid, abaxially glabrous. Leaves 1990, 1991, 2006), Stapleton (1994), Dransfield & Widjaja (5–)7–9 per ultimate branch, sheath yellowish hispid; auricles (1995), Hsueh & Li (1988a, b,1996), Seethalakshmi & Kumar absent; ligules truncate, c. 3 mm high, entire; pedicel 9–11 by 3 (1998), Li & Stapleton (2006), Yi et al. (2008). mm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, 28–33(–50) by 4.5–6.7(–12) cm, apex acute, base widely cuneate or nearly rounded, adaxi- NEW SPECIES OF DENDROCALAMUS ally glabrous, abaxially rough, secondary veins 13–18 on each side of midrib. Inflorescence iterauctant, flowering branch 1. Dendrocalamus cauhaiensis N.H.Xia & V.T.Nguyen, sp. with leaves, pendulous, with 1–3 clustered pseudospikelets nov. — Fig. 1, 2; Map 1 at each node; pseudospikelet ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–1.7 by 0.6–0.7 cm, apex acute; prophyll triangular, 1-keeled, 4 mm Species nova D. yunnanico Hsueh & D.Z.Li affinis, sed paleis 8–12 mm long, abaxially pubescent, adaxially thinly tomentose; florets longis, et lemmatibus fertilibus 12–15 mm longis, culmorum vaginis dorsaliter apressis ateris pilosis, auriculis subfalcatis, setis oralibus hirsutis, setis 2.5–3 6–7, all florets fertile, open when mature; rachilla-internodes mm longis, ligulis 11 mm longis, fimbriatis, fimbriis irregularibus et glabris short and not disarticulating. Glumes 1–2, 4–6 by 4–6 mm, differt. — Typus: Van Tho Nguyen NVT 20091215 (holo FSIV; iso FSIV-CH, abaxially puberulent in the middle, adaxially pubescent, margins IBSC), Vietnam, Yen bai, Tran Yen, Luong Thinh, cultivated near stream, long-ciliate, apex acute or blunt; lemmas broadly ovate, 12–15 N21°39.931', E104°48.535', alt.