United States Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Protection Agency Pollution Prevention Final Risk Evaluation for Trichloroethylene Supplemental Information File: Environmental Releases and Occupational Exposure Assessment CASRN: 79-01-6 November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................16 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................18 1.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................................18 1.2 Scope ...........................................................................................................................................18 1.3 Components of the Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release Assessment ...............26 1.4 General Approach and Methodology for Occupational Exposures and Environmental Releases 26 Estimates of Number of Facilities ......................................................................................... 26 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 27 Worker Activities ................................................................................................................... 27 Number of Workers and Occupational Non-Users ................................................................ 27 Inhalation Exposure Assessment Approach and Methodology ............................................. 28 1.4.5.1 General Approach ........................................................................................................... 28 1.4.5.2 Approach for this Risk Evaluation ................................................................................. 29 Dermal Exposure Assessment Approach ............................................................................... 31 Water Release Sources .......................................................................................................... 32 Water Release Assessment Approach and Methodology ...................................................... 32 2 ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................33 2.1 Manufacturing .............................................................................................................................33 Facility Estimates ................................................................................................................... 33 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 34 Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 35 2.1.3.1 Worker Activities ........................................................................................................... 35 2.1.3.2 Number of Potentially Exposed Workers ....................................................................... 35 2.1.3.3 Occupational Exposure Results ...................................................................................... 36 Water Release Assessment .................................................................................................... 37 2.1.4.1 Water Release Sources ................................................................................................... 37 2.1.4.2 Water Release Assessment Results ................................................................................ 37 2.2 Processing as a Reactant .............................................................................................................40 Facility Estimates ................................................................................................................... 40 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 40 Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 41 2.2.3.1 Worker Activities ........................................................................................................... 41 2.2.3.2 Number of Potentially Exposed Workers ....................................................................... 41 2.2.3.3 Occupational Exposure Results ...................................................................................... 42 Water Release Assessment .................................................................................................... 43 2.2.4.1 Water Release Sources ................................................................................................... 43 2.2.4.2 Water Release Assessment Results ................................................................................ 43 2.3 Formulation of Aerosol and Non-Aerosol Products ...................................................................44 Facility Estimates ................................................................................................................... 44 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 45 Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 45 Page 2 of 227 2.3.3.1 Worker Activities ........................................................................................................... 45 2.3.3.2 Number of Potentially Exposed Workers ....................................................................... 45 2.3.3.3 Occupational Exposure Results ...................................................................................... 46 Water Release Assessment .................................................................................................... 47 2.3.4.1 Water Release Sources ................................................................................................... 47 2.3.4.2 Water Environmental Release Assessment Results ....................................................... 47 2.4 Repackaging ................................................................................................................................47 Facility Estimates ................................................................................................................... 47 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 48 Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 48 2.4.3.1 Worker Activities ........................................................................................................... 48 2.4.3.2 Number of Potentially Exposed Workers ....................................................................... 49 2.4.3.3 Occupational Exposure Results ...................................................................................... 49 Water Release Assessment .................................................................................................... 50 2.4.4.1 Water Release Sources ................................................................................................... 50 2.4.4.2 Water Environmental Release Assessment Results ....................................................... 50 2.5 Batch Open Top Vapor Degreasing ............................................................................................51 Facility Estimates ................................................................................................................... 51 Process Description ............................................................................................................... 51 Exposure Assessment ............................................................................................................ 54 2.5.3.1 Worker Activities ........................................................................................................... 54 2.5.3.2 Number of Potentially Exposed Workers ....................................................................... 54 2.5.3.3 Occupational Exposure Results ...................................................................................... 59 2.5.3.3.1 Inhalation Exposure Assessment Results Using Monitoring Data ......................... 59 2.5.3.3.2 Inhalation Exposure Assessment Results Using Modeling ..................................... 60 Water Release Assessment .................................................................................................... 62 2.5.4.1 Water Release Sources ................................................................................................... 62 2.5.4.2 Water Release Assessment Results ................................................................................ 63 2.6 Batch Closed-Loop Vapor Degreasing .......................................................................................66 Facility Estimates ..................................................................................................................