Digital Public Administration factsheet 2020 United Kingdom ISA2 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom Table of Contents 1 Country Profile ............................................................................................. 4 2 Digital Public Administration Highlights ........................................................... 9 3 Digital Public Administration Political Communications .....................................12 4 Digital Public Administration Legislation .........................................................23 5 Digital Public Administration Governance .......................................................27 6 Digital Public Administration Infrastructure .....................................................35 7 Cross-border Digital Public Administration Services for Citizens and Businesses ..44 2 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom Country 1 Profile 3 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom 1 Country Profile 1.1 Basic data Population: 66 647 112 inhabitants (2019) GDP at market prices: 2 523 312.5 million Euros (2019) GDP per inhabitant in PPS (Purchasing Power Standard EU 27=100): 105 (2019) GDP growth rate: 1.4 % (2019) Inflation rate: 1.8 % (2019) Unemployment rate: 3.8 % (2019) General government gross debt (Percentage of GDP): 85.4 % (2019) General government deficit/surplus (Percentage of GDP): -2.1 % (2019) Area: 247 763 km2 Capital city: London Official EU language: English Currency: GBP Source: Eurostat (last update: 26 June 2020) 4 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom 1.2 Digital Public Administration Indicators The following graphs present data for the latest Generic Information Society Indicators for the UK compared to the EU average. Statistical indicators in this section reflect those of Eurostat at the time the Edition is being prepared. Percentage of individuals using the Internet Percentage of individuals using the Internet for interacting with public authorities in the for obtaining information from public UK authorities in the UK 63 50% 60% 57% 40% 54% 30% 51% 48% 20% 45% 42% 10% EU28 EU28 39% United Kingdom United Kingdom 0 0 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Source: Eurostat Information Society Source: Eurostat Information Society Indicators Indicators Percentage of individuals using the Internet Percentage of individuals using the Internet for downloading official forms from public for sending filled forms to public authorities authorities in the UK in the UK 45 55 40% 50 45% 35% 40% 30% 35% 25% 30% 20% 25% 20% 15% 15% 10% EU28 10% EU28 5% United Kingdom 5% United Kingdom 0 0 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Source: Eurostat Information Society Source: Eurostat Information Society Indicators Indicators 5 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom 1.3 Interoperability State of Play In 2017, the European Commission published the European Interoperability Framework (EIF) to give specific guidance on how to set up interoperable digital public services through a set of 47 recommendations. The picture below represents the three pillars of the EIF around which the EIF Monitoring Mechanism was built to evaluate the level of implementation of the EIF within the Member States. It is based on a set of 68 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) clustered within the three main pillars of the EIF (Principles, Layers and Conceptual model), outlined below. Source: European Interoperability Framework Monitoring Mechanism 2019 For each of the three pillars, a different scoreboard was created to breakdown the results into their main components (i.e. the 12 principles of interoperability, the interoperability layers and the components of the conceptual model). The components are evaluated on a scale from one to four, where one means a lower level of implementation, while 4 means a higher level of implementation. The graph below shows the result of the first EIF Monitoring Mechanism data collection for UK in 2019. It is possible to notice an overall good performance of the country, with particularly positive results within the second scoreboard (Interoperability layers). The areas of improvements are concentrated within the first scoreboard and are related to principle of reusability, multilingualism, transparency and subsidiarity and proportionality. EU27 Average Higher performance Middle-upper performance Middle-lower performance Lower performance SECURITY AND PRIVACY EXTERNAL INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES CATALOGUES OPEN DATA BASE REGISTRIES INTERNAL INFORMATION SOURCES AND SERVICES SERVICES PROVISION SERVICES CONCEPTUAL MODEL CONCEPTUAL CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR INTEGRATED PUBLIC PUBLIC INTEGRATED FOR TECHNICAL INTEROPERABILITY SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY ORGANISATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY LAYERS INTEGRATED PUBLIC SERVICE GOVERNANCE INTEROPERABILITY GOVERNANCE INTEROPERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION ADMINISTRATIVE SIMPLIFICATION MULTILINGUALISM SECURITY AND PRIVACY INCLUSION AND ACCESSIBILITY USER-CENTRICITY TECHNOLOGICAL NEUTRALITY AND DATA PORTABILITY REUSABILITY TRANSPARENCY OPENNESS INTEROPERABILITY PRINCIPLES INTEROPERABILITY SUBSIDIARITY AND PROPORTIONALITY 0 1 2 3 4 Source: European Interoperability Framework Monitoring Mechanism 2019 6 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom 1.4 eGovernment State of Play The graph below is the result of the latest eGovernment Benchmark report, which evaluates the priority areas of the eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020, based on specific indicators. These indicators are clustered within four main top-level benchmarks: ▪ User Centricity – indicates the extent to which a service is provided online, its mobile friendliness and usability of the service (in terms of available online support and feedback mechanisms). ▪ Transparency – indicates the extent to which governments are transparent about (i) the process of service delivery, (ii) the responsibilities and performance of public organisations and (iii) the personal data processed in public services. ▪ Cross-Border Mobility – indicates the extent to which users of public services from another European country can use the online services. ▪ Key Enablers – indicates the extent to which technical and organisational pre- conditions for eGovernment service provision are in place, such as electronic identification and authentic sources. The 2020 report presents the biennial results, achieved over the past two years of measurement of all eight life events used to measure the above-mentioned top-level benchmarks. More specifically, these life events are divided between six ‘Citizen life events’ (Losing and finding a job, Studying, Family life, all measured in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, and Starting a small claim procedure, Moving, Owning a car, all measured in 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019) and two ‘Business life events’ (Business start- up, measured in 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, and Regular business operations, measured in 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019). Source: eGovernment Benchmark Report 2020 Country Factsheets 7 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom Digital Public 2 Administration Highlights 8 Digital Public Administration Factsheets – United Kingdom 2 Digital Public Administration Highlights Digital Public Administration Political Communications In September 2019, the Government Digital Service (GDS) unveiled a shared ambition built collaboratively with departmental Digital Data and Technology (DDaT) leaders, a 2030 Vision for government that is trusted, joined up and responsive to user needs. Its mission is to ensure that government continues to innovate and make use of the rapidly evolving digital landscape to deliver the world’s best digital public services. The roadmap underpinning our 2030 Vision provides an emerging direction for the new leadership of the soon to be appointed Government Chief Digital Information Officer, as it leads GDS and the DDaT function, to help departments tackle the next phase of digital transformation. The Online Harms White Paper sets out the government’s plans for a world-leading package of online safety measures that also support innovation and a thriving digital economy. This package comprises legislative and non-legislative measures and will make companies more responsible for their users’ safety online, especially children and other vulnerable groups. This will go to full consultation in Spring 2020. Digital Public Administration Legislation Accessibility Regulations 2018 came into force on 23 September 2018. These regulations require all UK public sector websites and mobile applications to meet accessibility standards and publish a statement detailing how accessible they are. All public sector websites published on or after 23 September 2018 must be accessible and have an accessibility statement before going live. Public sector websites published before 23 September 2018 must be compliant by 23 September 2020. Mobile applications must meet the regulations by 23 June 2021. Digital Public Administration Governance The Rt Hon Michael Gove was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster on 24 July 2019. He was also appointed Minister for the Cabinet Office on 13 February 2020. Lord Agnew was appointed Minister of State at the Cabinet Office and Her Majesty’s Treasury on 14 February 2020 replacing Oliver Dowden. Lord Agnew will have oversight for the Government Digital Service. Oliver Dowden CBE was appointed Secretary