wh07_te_ch04_s01_MOD_s.fm Page 142 Monday, March 5, 2007 10:54WH07MOD_se_CH04_S01_s.fm AM Page 142 Thursday, January 25, 2007 1:35 PM Philip II wears royal dress. A late 1500s Spanish coin Step-by-Step In the background, his Armada commemorates Philip’s rule. heads to England. SECTION Instruction 1 WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO A Working Monarch Objectives “It is best to keep an eye on everything,” Philip II As you teach this section, keep students of Spain often said—and he meant it. As king of focused on the following objectives to help the most powerful nation in Europe, he gave little them answer the Section Focus Question time to pleasure. Instead, he plowed through a and master core content. 1 mountain of paperwork each day, making notes 1 on even the most trivial matters. But Philip’s ■ Describe the empire that Charles V determination to “keep an eye on everything” inherited. extended far beyond trivia. It helped him build Spain into a strong centralized state. By the late ■ Analyze how Spanish power increased 1500s, he had concentrated all power in his own under Philip II. hands. Over the next 200 years, other European ■ Explain how the arts flourished during monarchs would pursue similar goals. Spain’s golden age. Focus Question How did Philip II extend Spain’s power and help establish a golden age? Spanish Power Grows Prepare to Read Objectives By the 1500s, Spain had shaken off its feudal past and emerged as the first modern European power. Queen Isabella and King Build Background Knowledge L3 • Describe the empire that Charles V inherited. • Analyze how Spanish power increased under Ferdinand had unified the country, enforced religious unity, and Ask students to predict how the trading Philip II. commanded the Spanish conquest of the Americas. empires built by European nations in • Explain how the arts flourished during Spain’s Asia, Africa, and the Americas affected golden age. Europe’s monarchs. Ask them to predict Charles V Inherits Two Crowns what European monarchs might do with Terms, People, and Places In 1516, Ferdinand and Isabella’s grandson, Charles I, became their increased wealth. Hapsburg empire divine right king of Spain, and thereby ruler of the Spanish colonies in the Charles V armada Americas as well. Philip II El Greco Set a Purpose L3 Ruling the Hapsburg Empire When his other grandfather absolute monarch Miguel de Cervantes ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection died in 1519, Charles I also became heir to the sprawling aloud or play the audio. Hapsburg empire, which included the Holy Roman Empire and Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas and the Netherlands. As ruler of this empire, Charles took the name AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, Supporting Details As you read about how Charles V. Historians now usually refer to him by this title. A Working Monarch Philip II extended Spanish power, create an outline Ruling two empires involved Charles in constant warfare. As a Ask What were the advantages and to record details that support the main ideas in this devout Catholic, he fought to suppress Protestantism in the Ger- drawbacks of Philip “keeping an section. This example will help you get started. man states. After years of religious conflict, however, Charles was eye on everything”? (Sample: He forced to allow the German princes to choose their own religion. could make sure government was run- I. Charles V Inherits Two Crowns Charles also faced the Muslim Ottoman empire, which was ning the way he wanted it to, but this A. Ruling the Hapsburg Empire based in Turkey but stretched across the Balkans. Under Sule- 1. Spain iman, Ottoman forces advanced across central Europe to the walls created a situation where the nation 2. Holy Roman Empire and Netherlands depended too much on one person.) B. Charles V abdicates surrounding Vienna, Austria. Although Austria held firm during the siege, the Ottomans occupied much of Hungary following their ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus crushing victory at the Battle of Mohács. Ottoman naval forces Question and write it on the board. also continued to challenge Spanish power in the Mediterranean. Tell students to refer to this question as they read. (Answer appears with Section 1 Assessment answers.) Vocabulary Builder ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use word from this section. Terms, People, and Places. Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 68; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 ■ Reading Skill Have students use the High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence Reading Strategy: Compare and Con- cumbersome, p. 143 adj. hard to handle because of size, weight, or many parts trast worksheet. The refrigerator was extremely cumbersome to move upstairs into a second- Teaching Resources, Unit 1, p. 69 floor apartment. 142 The Age of Absolutism WH07MOD_se_CH04_S01_s.fmwh07_te_ch04_s01_MOD_s.fm Page 143 Page Monday, 143 June Monday, 26, 2006 March 9:40 AM 5, 2007 10:54 AM For: Audio guided tour The Wars of Philip II, 1571–1588 Web Code: nbp-1611 ■ Have students read this Map Skills Phillip II waged war to section using the Paragraph Shrinking increase Spanish power and defend strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read, 10° W 0° 20° E SIA Roman Catholicism. RUS have students create an outline with SWEDEN 1. Locate (a) Spain (b) Madrid information about Spain under Philip II. 10° E a (c) Ottoman Empire (d) Strait of e Reading and Note Taking SCO S Lepanto (e) Netherlands (f) English TLAND c No r t h t i l ia Study Guide, pp. 63–64 S e a a uan Channel. MARK B Lith DEN 2. Region Which battles shown on the IR ELAND URG map took place in a territory ruled BRANDENB arsaw NETH. W D ENGLAN Berlin LAN directly by Spain? Teach D PO 50° ds N Netherlan . L R 3. Analyzing Information Why do you ondon revolts a 1) ul R (1572–158 Vist h Prague think Spain joined Venice and other English Channel in e R Charles V Inherits De . hemia Y feat of t Bo Italian states in defending the Strait he Spanish P R At Arma aris nna l a n da (1588) Vie A Two Crowns L3 t i c Bavaria G of Lepanto? O RIA NIA c e AUST N YLVA a n TRANS SWITZ. U FRANCE ALPS H e a Instruct k S V . a c E R B l Milan N anube ■ I C O D Spanish Hapsburg Introduce: Vocabulary Builder E T possessions AL T PAP O ple Have students read the Vocabulary STATES M tino Boundary of Holy PY A stan REN N Con Roman Empire Builder term and definition. Then EES MTS. Corsica Battle site 40° N L E direct their attention to the map. Ask A Rome M les P I G M Nap R adrid s panto E U Naple Le ttle of them why it would be cumbersome for T S Ba PAIN ) R 571 Sardinia (1 O one person to rule the Holy Roman P Strait of M e d i t e r r a e a n S e a to Empire and the Spanish Hapsburg n y Lepan Sicil N possessions. Conic Projection E 0200 400 mi W ■ Teach Ask With whom did Charles V S 0200 400 km go to war? (German states and the Ottoman Empire) What were the main reasons for these wars? (reli- gion and competition for territory) Charles V Abdicates The Hapsburg empire proved to be too scattered Vocabulary Builder ■ Analyzing the Visuals Direct stu- and cumbersome for any one person to rule effectively. Exhausted and cumbersome—(KUM bur sum) adj. hard dents’ attention to the map. Have stu- disillusioned, Charles V gave up his titles and entered a monastery in to handle because of size, weight, or many parts dents compare this map to the map of 1556. He divided his empire, leaving the Hapsburg lands in central religions on page 70. Then ask stu- Europe to his brother Ferdinand, who became Holy Roman emperor. He dents which of the battles shown on gave Spain, the Netherlands, some southern Italian states, and Spain’s the map on this page occurred on the overseas empire to his 29-year-old son Philip, who became Philip II. boundaries between two religions. (all Why did Charles V divide the Hapsburg Empire? of them) Philip II Solidifies Power Independent Practice During his 42-year reign, Philip II expanded Spanish influence, Have students access Web Code nbp- strengthened the Catholic Church, and made his own power absolute. 1611 to take the Geography Interac- Thanks in part to silver from Spanish colonies in the Americas, he made tive Audio Guided Tour and then Spain the foremost power in Europe. answer the map skills questions in the text. Centralizing Power Like his father, Philip II was hard working, devout, and ambitious. Unlike many other monarchs, Philip devoted most of his time to government work. He seldom hunted, never jousted, Monitor Progress and lived as simply as a monk. The King’s isolated, somber palace out- Ask students what specific difficulties side Madrid, known as the Escorial (es kohr YAHL), reflected his charac- Charles faced in ruling two empires. ter. It served as a church, a residence, and a tomb for the royal family. (lengthy communication delays, problems defending so many borders, differences in language and religion) Solutions for All Learners L1 Special Needs L2 English Language Learners L2 Less Proficient Readers Answers Assign students to work in pairs. Have one student Use the following resources to help students acquire It was too difficult for one person to rule scan the text and read out the names of places.