16-month Treaty History Calendar SEPTEMBER 2020 to DECEMBER 2021 MESSAGE FROM our MEET the RHW TEAM DIRECTOR of R ESEARCH Earl Commanda and ENGAGEMENT Executive Director [email protected] Ahnii, On behalf of the Robinson Huron Waawiindaamaagewin (RHW), we would like Veron ic a Mc L eo d to share this 2020-2021 Treaty History Calendar. The RHW team has been actively Executive Assistant working to provide some tools to help with Treaty engagement. This calendar will [email protected] provide an overview of some of the history of our Treaty and we have also included monthly YouTube video highlights that will help you to further explore our Treaty Vac a nt History. Chi-Miigwetch to Carol Nadjiwon who created the treaty curriculum Senior Policy Analyst that have shaped this calendar; her contributions support treaty education for us @waawiindaamaagewin.com all. Also, Chi-Miigwetch to Alan Corbiere who continues to guide and enhance our treaty knowledge. Chi-Miigwetch to Linda Manitowabi for helping with our Anishinaabemowin and all the language keepers who keep our languge strong. Cheryl Recollet We are also working on some online mapping initiatives and we hope to share these Director of Research and Engagement portals with you soon. If you interested in mapping and GIS, please contact Nicky [email protected] Recollet at [email protected]. Our team is happy to come to your community to provide in depth information, Jennifer Simpson discussion on treaty history and governance. Please feel free to email myself at cheryl@ Researcher/Facilitator waawiindaamaagewin.com or Jennifer Simpson at [email protected] [email protected] to schedule any sessions with your leadership, administration or community. We hope you enjoy this calendar and be on the look out for future treaty events! Nicky Recollet Baa Maa Pii. Miigwetch. GIS Analyst [email protected] Jenilee Neveau Cheryl Recollet GIS Technici an Director of Research and Engagement [email protected] HISTORY TIMELINE The DOCTRINE of DISCOVERY and RUPERT’S LAND Indigenous People have One Bowl One Spoon Wampum lived on their lands Agreement to share, take only In 1670, King Charles II gave the Hudson from time immemorial. what is needed. Bay and all its rivers and streams, to his nephew Prince Rupert. The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) was granted a charter and owners of Rupert’s Land from 1670 to 1870. Rights and treatment Indian people and culture are inferior the newly formed Canadian Government of the infidel or and are an obstacle to development. The Hudson Bay Co. had the trading under the Rupert’s Land Act 1868. The HBC barbarians. monopoly for the fur trade and other natural retained trading posts, some farmland and resources. In 1869-70, the Hudson Bay compensation of $1.5 million. Company sold most of Rupert’s Land to 1497 Cabot claims Newfoundland 1670 King Charles gives Hudson Doctrine of Discovery Bay land to Prince Rupert 1455 Papal Bull – Christian 1671 French claim lands for King monarchs can claim lands. U NDERSTANDING of France INDIGENOUS CULTURE IS 1754 British defeat the French A WHOLE WAY PEOPLE OF LIFE AND SACR ED CLOSED & 1763 Royal Proclamation Five Characteristics BOUNDED Everything British policy on Is connected. 1764 Treaty of Niagara There is only the treaty-making. of a Tribal Society KIN BASED experience of the society. Renewal Two Row Wampum By Robert K. Thomas Strangers are dealt with Kin ties are a network of Source: Mental Health: in certain ways. No relationships. No broken American Indian Tribal broken line of descent. line of descent. 5 1 1763 Pontiac’s War Societies 4 2 Wars, Rights and 1776 War of Independence R ESPONSIVE 3 TR ADITIONAL Alliance Agreements. 1794 Jay Treaty TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Defined to mean a 1812 War body of knowledge that Culture reflects has been accumulated certain natural SACR ED over time. environment. 1836 Bond Head Treaty to Tradition is sacredly remove Indians to Removal and Control sanctioned. Manitoulin Island Over Indians. Everything is alive, Early colonial laws and the 1850 and totally sacred. Indian Act and following Indian Acts Carol A. Nadjiwon, 1991 Dream of 10 year old SHI NGWAU K IONSE When Shingwaukonse looked over the hill into a valley, A voice said to him that he, too, would he saw a Council of chiefs and kings in a circle around a sit in that Council, one day. sacred fire. The Council was in deep discussion. The voice continued to say to remember the Great Spirit and the Great Spirit would remember him. Visit our YouTube Channel to learn more : Waabagaa GiiZIS 26 years and the Robinson Huron Treaty Changing Leaves Moon | September 2020 https://youtu.be/b0d4GKZqsMM NiiZH WA A SO- Ntam- NiiZHO- Nso- Aaptoose- NA ANO- NGODWA A SO- giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad Sunday Monday Tu esd ay We d n e s d a y Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 Full Moon 3 4 5 6 Labour Day 7 8 1850 – Signing of the 9 10 11 12 1850 – Signing of the Robinson Huron Treaty Robinson Superior 2014 – Statement of Tre a t y Claim filed to Ontario Superior Court Justice 13 14 15 16 New Moon 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2017 – Phase 1 of 25 26 RHT Trial begins with opening statement of RHT Plaintiffs 27 28 29 30 Phone: 1-877-633-7558 Email: [email protected] Location: 473 Hwy 17 West, Cutler ON P0P1B0 Website: www.waawiindaamaagewin.com DECISION-MAKING and REPRESENTATION The Nation and clans are in agreement. All agree with the goal and objective(s). All have the same vision and see the purpose. All are united in the same thinking. All feel the same and their hearts are united. Visit our YouTube Channel to learn more : Bnaakwii GiiZIS Can you tell us about the Robinson Huron Treaty? Falling Leaves Moon | October 2020 https://youtu.be/mm7bxib0ra0 NiiZH WA A SO- Ntam- NiiZHO- Nso- Aaptoose- NA ANO- NGODWA A SO- giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad Sunday Monday Tu esd ay We d n e s d a y Thursday Friday Saturday Full Moon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Thanksgiving Day 12 13 14 2019 – Phase 2 of 15 New Moon 16 17 RHT Trial begins 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Full Moon 31 Halloween Phone: 1-877-633-7558 Email: [email protected] Location: 473 Hwy 17 West, Cutler ON P0P1B0 Website: www.waawiindaamaagewin.com W H AT are WAMPUM TREATIES? Our Elders say Wampum Treaties or Indigenous Law The Covenant Chain depicted two men shaking hands among Indigenous Nations confirmed travel into each and on each side was a circle or a chain. This important other’s territory, as an ally when needed and a sharing treaty was friendship between the nations, which of natural resources for survival. recognized the need to renew the relationship like A Dish With One Spoon Wampum, also known as polishing a silver chain. One Dish One Spoon, is a law used by Indigenous Peoples of the Americas since at least 1142 to describe an agreement for sharing hunting territory among two or more nations. The Two Row Wampum Treaty represents two nations living side-by-side, separately but together, Wampum Treaties in the 1600s with the Dutch, French each moving along its own path but never crossing and the British in North America were treaties of into the other. Each nation respects the other, lives peace and relationship. independently and peacefully in co-existence. The Friendship Covenant Chain Wampum is the first treaty and it goes with the Two Row Wampum Treaty. Visit our YouTube Channel to learn more : BA ASHK A AKODIN GiiZis The Underlying importance of Wampum Belts Freezing Moon | November 2020 https://youtu.be/wb-RftTCQ_8 NiiZH WA A SO- Ntam- NiiZHO- Nso- Aaptoose- NA ANO- NGODWA A SO- giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad giiZhigad Sunday Monday Tu esd ay We d n e s d a y Thursday Friday Saturday 1 All Souls Day 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Remembrance Day 11 1850 – Robinson 12 13 14 Treaties Ratified and confirmed by government and subsequently filed in the Office of the Provincial Registrar New Moon 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Full Moon 30 Phone: 1-877-633-7558 Email: [email protected] Location: 473 Hwy 17 West, Cutler ON P0P1B0 Website: www.waawiindaamaagewin.com 1701 GREAT WA MP U M PEACE of TR E ATIES? MONTR EAL In a report of William Johnson, he stated that after several days, on August 1, 1764 there was renewal of the The Great Peace of Montreal (French: La Grande Covenant Chain for peace, friendship and support for paix de Montréal) was a peace treaty between New one another. The 1764 Wampum Treaty with 24 Nations France and 39 First Nations of North America. It was presented by the British. The Bowiting Ojibwe/ was signed on August 4, 1701, by Louis-Hector de Chippewa nation was present. Shingwaukonse carried Callière, governor of New France, and 13 hundred the legacy of the nation to nation relationship between representatives of 39 aboriginal nations. the Ojibwe at Bowiting and the British Crown. Two Row Wampum Treaty Covenant Chain of Friendship ONE DISH ONE SPOON This wampum belt is one of the most significant belts because it represents the first peace treaty made in North America between all Native nations 1764 Treaty of Niagara before European contact. (Made between the League of Five Nations and its allies, and the confederacy of Anishinabek and allied nations.) The dish with one spoon reminds people we only have one dish, one mother earth we can take from.