Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2005 Central Statistical Agency Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA September 2006 The 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2005 EDHS) is part of the worldwide MEASURE DHS project which is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. Additional information about the 2005 EDHS may be obtained from the Central Statistical Agency (CSA), P.O. Box 1143, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Telephone: (251) 111 55 30 11/111 15 78 41, Fax: (251) 111 55 03 34, E-mail: [email protected]. Additional information about the DHS project may be obtained from ORC Macro, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705 USA; Telephone: 301-572-0200, Fax: 301-572-0999, E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.measuredhs.com. Suggested citation: Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] and ORC Macro. 2006. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2005. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ORC Macro. CONTENTS TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................xvii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ xix NATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS ......................................................... xxi SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ..................................................................................................xxiii MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS, ETHIOPIA 2005 .................................xxix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 History, Geography, and Economy ..................................................................................1 1.2 Population.......................................................................................................................3 1.3 Health Priorities and Programming ..................................................................................4 1.4 Objectives of the Survey ..................................................................................................5 1.5 Organization of the Survey ..............................................................................................6 1.6 Sample Design.................................................................................................................7 1.7 Questionnaires ................................................................................................................7 1.8 Haemoglobin and HIV Testing.........................................................................................8 1.8.1 Haemoglobin Testing.......................................................................................8 1.8.2 HIV/AIDS Testing .............................................................................................9 1.9 Listing, Pretest, Training and Fieldwork ..........................................................................10 1.9.1 Listing............................................................................................................10 1.9.2 Pretest............................................................................................................10 1.9.3 Training and Fieldwork ..................................................................................10 1.10 Data Processing .............................................................................................................11 1.11 Response Rates..............................................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Household Population By Age And Sex..........................................................................13 2.2 Household Composition................................................................................................14 2.3 Household Education ....................................................................................................17 2.3.1 Educational Attainment of Household Population ..........................................17 2.3.2 School Attendance Ratios...............................................................................19 2.4 Household Characteristics .............................................................................................23 2.5 Household Possessions ..................................................................................................27 2.6 Socioeconomic Status Index ..........................................................................................28 Contents | iii CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 3.1 Characteristics of Survey Respondents ...........................................................................31 3.2 Educational Attainment and Literacy..............................................................................33 3.3 Access to Mass Media....................................................................................................37 3.4 Employment ..................................................................................................................39 3.4.1 Employment Status........................................................................................39 3.4.2 Occupation....................................................................................................42 3.4.3 Earnings, Employers and Continuity of Employment .......................................44 CHAPTER 4 FERTILITY 4.1 Current Fertility .............................................................................................................47 4.2 Fertility Differentials.......................................................................................................48 4.3 Fertility Trends...............................................................................................................50 4.4 Children Ever Born and Surviving...................................................................................51 4.5 Birth Intervals ................................................................................................................52 4.6 Age at First Birth ............................................................................................................53 4.7 Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood ............................................................................55 CHAPTER 5 FAMILY PLANNING 5.1 Knowledge of Contraceptive Methods ...........................................................................57 5.2 Ever Use of Contraceptive Methods ...............................................................................59 5.3 Current Use of Contraceptive Methods..........................................................................61 5.3.1 Trends in Contraceptive Use ..........................................................................64 5.3.2 Number of Children at First Use of Contraception..........................................64 5.4 Use of Social Marketing Brands......................................................................................65 5.5 Knowledge of Fertile Period...........................................................................................66 5.6 Source of Family Planning Methods ...............................................................................66 5.7 Informed Choice ...........................................................................................................67 5.8 Contraceptive Discontinuation.......................................................................................69 5.9 Future Use of Contraception..........................................................................................70 5.10 Reasons for Not Intending to Use A Contraceptive Method in the Future.......................71 5.11 Preferred Method of Contraception for Future Use........................................................72 5.12 Exposure to Family Planning Messages...........................................................................72 5.13 Contact of Nonusers with Family Planning Providers......................................................73 5.14 Husband's Knowledge of Wife's Use of Contraception ...................................................75 5.15 Men's Attitude about Contraception ..............................................................................76 CHAPTER 6 OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINANTS OF FERTILITY 6.1 Current Marital Status....................................................................................................79 6.2 Polygyny........................................................................................................................80 6.3 Age at First Marriage ......................................................................................................82 6.4 Age at First Sexual Intercourse .......................................................................................83 6.5 Recent Sexual Activity....................................................................................................85 iv Ň Contents 6.6 Postpartum Amenorrhoea, Abstinence and Insusceptibility ...........................................88 6.7 Menopause ...................................................................................................................90