GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 926 Bibliography of Borehole Geophysics as Applied to Ground-Water Hydrology Bibliography of Borehole Geophysics as Applied to Ground-Water Hydrology By Ticie A. Taylor and Joyce A. Dey GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 926 1985 United States Department of the Interior DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary Geological Survey Dallas L. Peck, Director Free on application to the Branch of Distribution, Eastern Region, U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Piclcett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ..... 1 Subject Headings-Continued Introduction . 1 Induction . 31 Acknowledgements . 2 Injectivity profile . 32 Subject Headings 2 Instrumentation . 32 Acoustic .... 2 Interpretation manuals 32 Acoustic televiewer . 5 Lithology and thickness 32 Acoustic wavefonns . 5 Logging while drilling 33 Artificial recharge 6 Magnetic . 33 Borehole geophysics, general 7 Mineral exploration by logging 33 Borehole geophysics, logging texts 11 Moisture content 33 Calibration . 12 Neutron . 34 Caliper ............ 12 Neutron activation . 37 Carbonates . 12 Nuclear magnetic resonance 39 Casing and cement bond logs 12 Oil shale . 39 Coal ....... 13 Pennafrost . 39 Computer analysis 13 Penneability . 40 Core ....... 16 Petroleum production . 40 Cross plotting . 17 Porosity . 41 Dielectric measurements 17 Pressure measurements 42 Digitizing logs . 17 Programs for well log analyses for hand-held cal- Dipmeter ..... 18 culators . 42 Directional survey 18 Pulsed neutron 42 Elastic moduli .. 18 Radar . 43 Electromagnetics 18 Redox logging . 44 Flowmeters . 18 Resistivity . 44 Fluid conductivity and resistivity 19 Saline water problems 46 Formation factor 20 Shale and clay effects 46 Fractures .. 20 Spontaneous potential 47 Gamma ..... 21 Statistical methods 47 Gamma-gamma 22 Stress measurements 48 Gamma spectral . 24 Subsidence . 48 Geopressure . 27 Television . 48 Geothermal . 27 Temperature . 48 Gravimeter, borehole 29 Tracers . 50 Ground-water applications 29 Waste disposal, general 51 Guard log ........ 30 Waste disposal, radioactive 52 Hydraulic fracturing . 30 Water saturation . 53 Igneous and metamorphic rocks . 31 References cited . 53 Induced polarization . 31 Author index . 55 III BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICS AS APPLIED TO GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY By T. A. TAYLOR and J. A. DEY ABSTRACT ly obtain a listing of references on a specific topic, Most of the references on borehole geophysics that are rele­ or by a specific author, without searching through vant to ground-water hydrology are contained in this bibliog­ hundreds of pages of reference listings. Because raphy, but it does not include every reference that is available this bibliography is stored in a computer, it can under each subject heading; the literature is much too exten­ and will be updated as the need occurs. sive to compile a complete listing. Some of the references may appear under more than one The organization is for the users' convenience. subject heading because the references commonly relate to Subject headings, as listed in the table of con­ more than one main topic. Many articles have been cross-refer­ tents, comprise the main divisions of the publica­ enced in order to assist the reader in locating an article. For tion. Author citations are listed alphabetically example, the article entitled, "Application of the acoustic tele­ under each subject, giving complete title and pub­ viewer to the characterization of hydraulic fractures in geo­ thermal wells" is listed under both "Acoustic televiewer," and lication data. The subject headings primarily deal "Geothermal". with the principal method of well logging or the The bibliography is intended to lead the reader to other arti­ dominant application of the publication within the cles on borehole-geophysical logging and related subjects, be­ broad field of ground-water hydrology, such as cause each article cited also will have a list of references, waste disposal, geothermal, and oil shale, or both. which may be more specialized, covering many subjects with related applications, such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, An author index for the papers cited has been in­ geology, electronics, acoustics, hydrology, and surface cluded at the end of this publication, as a further geophysics. However, not all of these related subject headings aid to the user. could be included in this bibliography. No specific time period was established for arti­ cles to be included, but a cutoff date of July 1983 was necessary. Nor do the articles have a geo­ INTRODUCTION graphic boundary-many of the articles have been A bibliography was developed to help Earth sci­ written by authors world-wide. Most of these arti­ entists who were having difficulty in locating and cles are in English, or have been translated into obtaining adequate information on borehole English. However, a few articles in the original geophysics as applied to ground-water hydrology. French were included, which have not been for­ Because many of the articles on this broad subject mally translated, but have been indicated by plac­ are published in technical journals or proceedings/ ing the label "(French)" in the listing. transactions that have a limited distribution, a The large volume of published material cur­ system to categorize these publications for easy rently available makes it impossible for any one referral was developed. The U.S. Geological Sur­ individual or small group to review and list all vey has been developing this listing for 20 years publications related to borehole geophysics as ap­ for agency use, but the numerous requests for plied to ground-water hydrology. Other, profes­ copies of the listing made it imperative that it be sional, retrieval methods such as abstracting and published. indexing of journal articles (U.S. Department of The original listings subsequently have been en­ Commerce, 1981) and developing computer-based tered into a computer, which makes it easier to stor~ge and retrieval systems (University of modify and update by adding new articles as they Tulsa, 1983) are additional tools for meeting this become available. Furthermore, a user can quick- need. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Broding, R. A., and Poole, J. L., 1960, Collection and process­ ing of digitized acoustic log data: Geophysics, v. 25, no. Many people contributed ·to this bibliography; 4, p. 939--947. special thanks is due W. Scott Keys, Chief, Brown, H. D., Grijalva, V. E., and Raymer, L. L., 1970, New Borehole Geophysics Research Project, for his developments in sonic wave train display and analysis in cased holes: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts An­ many contributions, suggestions, corrections, and nual Logging Symposium, 11th, Los Angeles, Calif., 1970, support. Pat Salwerowicz and Robin Simpson also Transactions, p. F1-F24. deserve credit and recognition for their help in Burke, J. A., and others, 1979, Pseudovelocity of transforma­ computer processing and updating. tion from resistivity well log data: Society of Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting, 49th, New Orleans, La., 1979, Proceedings, p. 1-31. SUBJECT HEADINGS Caldwell, J. W., and Strabala, J. M., 1970, Application of mod­ ern well logging methods to salt solution cavities: North­ ACOUSTIC ern Ohio Geological Society Symposium on Salt, 3d, Cleve­ land, Ohio, 1969, Proceedings, v. 2, p. 341-352. Abou-Sayed, A. S., Lingle, Richard, and Jones, A. H., 1978, Carroll, R. D., 1966, Rock properties interpreted from sonic Sonic wave mode conversion during three-dimensional log­ velocity logs: Proceedings of the American Society of Civil ging: American Society of Mechanical Engineers Paper 78- Engineers, Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations PET-22, 4p. Division, v. 92, no. SM2, p. 43-51. Albright, J. N., and others, 1978, Acoustic methods for detect­ Castagna, J.P., Anderson, Richard, and Brock, Dennis, 1981, ing water-filled fractures using commercial logging tools, Shear waves on sonic log waveforms: Society of Explora­ in Symposium on Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery, Tulsa, tion Geophysicists Annual Meeting, 51st, Los Angeles, Okla., 1978, Proceedings: U.S. Department of Energy, v. Calif., 1981, Proceedings, Paper S11.6, p. 2627-2646. 1, no. F-6, p. 6/1-6/13. Chaney, P. E., Zimmerman, C. W., and Anderson, W. L., Albright, J. N., and Pearson, C. F., 1980, Transmission of 1966, Some effects of frequency upon the character of acoustic signals through hydraulic fractures: Society of acoustic logs: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 18, no. Professional Well Log Analysts Annual Logging Sym­ 4, p. 407-411. posium, 21st, Lafayette, La., 1980, Transactions, p. R1- Chang, Hsi-Tien, 1981, Acoustic cement bond logging diagnos­ R18. tics for geothermal applications: Geothermal Resources Anderson, R. A., Ingram, D. S., and Zanier, A. M., 1972, Council Transactions, v. 5, p. 279--282. Fracture pressure gradient determination from well logs: Cheng, C. H., and Toksoz, M. N., 1980, Modeling of full wave Society of Petroleum Engineers of the American Institute acoustic logs: Society of Professional Well Log Analysts of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Paper Annual Logging Symposium, 21st, Lafayette, La., 1980, SPE 4135, 15 p. Transactions, p. J1-J12. Anderson, W. L., and Walker, Terry, 1961, Application of Cheng, C. H., Toksoz, M. N., and Willis, M. E., 1981, Velocity open hole acoustic amplitude measurements: Society of Pe­ and attenuation from full waveform acoustic logs: Society troleum Engineers of the American Institute of Mining, of Professional Well Log Analysts Annual Logging