MAFATE MICRO GRID PROJECT ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island HEPMAD 2019 SUMMARY I – Reunion Island II – Project members III – Mafate Micro Grid 1. Production & Storage 2. Weather station & data 3. Consumptions 4. Physical & mathematical models IV – Expectations Page 2 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island I – REUNION ISLAND – LOCATION Le Port AFRICA Saint-Denis Saint-Paul Saint-Benoît Indian Ocean Madagascar Saint-Pierre Mauritius Reunion Figure 1 – Reunion Island location Page 3 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island I – REUNION ISLAND – INFORMATION . Population of 866,506 inhabitants (Jan 2019) . Area 2,500 km² (x200 = Madagascar area) . Population concentrated on the coast . Hot season average 28 to 31°C / Cool season 17 to 20°C (coast area) . 2700 hours of sunshine per year (coastal areas) Figure 2 – 3D view map Page 4 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island I – REUNION ISLAND – REMARKABLE PLACES . Piton des Neiges: One of the highest peaks in the Indian Ocean (alt.3071 m) . Piton de la Fournaise: One of the ©S.Gélabert Sunrise from the Piton des Neiges Eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise most active volcanoes in the World (3 eruptions this year) . Water front road: One of the most expansive constructions in the World (2B€) . Mafate Circus: Natural circus, ©J.Balleydier accessible on foot or by New water front road Mafate circus helicopter. UNESCO World Figure 3 – Some of the remarkable places in Reunion Heritage. Page 5 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island I.1 – REUNION ISLAND – ENERGY CONTEXT Other Renewables (PV, wind) 9% . Insular context: - depends on goods importations Coal Hydraulic - local electricity production 36% 20% . Electricity production 3,000 GWh/year (2018) Bagasse 7% . Electrical power installed 890 MW Fuel and Diesel . Photovoltaic power connected to the 28% main grid : 190 MW (21%) Source : Bilan Energétique de La Réunion édition 2019 Figure 4 – Electrical production from different primary sources in Reunion Page 6 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island I.2 – ENERGY CONTEXT IN MAFATE . No car access . Supplying goods by helicopter or on foot . “Traditional” power supply: -Old solar installations -Fuel power generators . Electrical devices used by Mafate people: TV, Freezer, Refrigerator, Washing machine, Radio stations, Light bulbs, Cell chargers … Figure 4 – House in Mafate Page 7 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island II – PROJECT MEMBERS AND FUNDERS . European Regional Development Fund - ERDF . Reunion Council . French Government Mafate Micro Grid . SIDELEC (Union for the distribution of electricity in Reunion Island) . University of Toliara: - Tovondahiniriko FANJIRINDRATOVO - Olga RAMIARINJANAHARY . LOMC (Laboratory waves and complex environments) - Innocent MUTABAZI Figure 5 – Project members and funders Page 8 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island II – PROJECT MEMBERS – PIMENT LAB . Physics, engineering, mathematics for energy and environment . Domains: - Building - Energy efficiency - Solar energy - Conversion and storage of energy . Members of the team “Mafate Micro Grid” project within PIMENT Lab: - Didier CALOGINE - Oanh CHAU - Philippe LAURET - Jean CASTAING-LASVIGNOTTES - Mathieu DAVID - Johann FRANCOU - Paulisimone RASOAVONJY Link: https://piment.univ-reunion.fr/ Page 9 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III – MAFATE MICRO GRID Microgrid definition: Network composed of a localized electricity plant (renewables or not) supplying few (micro compared to a macro) buildings (residential or not) around. Objective: Develop smart and small grids in Reunion Island Resources we have: . Real solar powered microgrid (7 kWp) . Living lab in Mafate: Experimentation on 3 inhabited houses . Consumption diagnostics to understand how the inhabitants consume . Weather station to understand the climate in-situ Figure 6 – Satellite picture of the solar powered microgrid Page 10 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.1 – PRODUCTION AND STORAGE 4 . 7 kWp solar plant 3 . Designed and maintained by SIDELEC 2 production [kW] production 1 . Wet lead acid batteries Electricity 0 . Oversized installation to meet a potential increasing 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Time [hr] demand over the years Figure 7 – Electrical production for a typical winter day 60 100 58 80 56 60 SOC[%] voltage [V] voltage 54 40 52 20 Battery Battery 50 48 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Time [hr] Figure 8 – Battery state of charge for a typical winter Figure 9 – Microgrid solar plant day Page 11 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.2.a – WEATHER STATION . Pyranometers: Global irradiations . Hygrometer: Relative Humidity . Thermometer: Ambient temperature . Surface thermometer: Solar panels surface temperature . Rain Gauge Figure 10 – Weather station Page 12 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.2.b – WEATHER DATA 100 90 WEATHER DATA IN MAFATE FOR A WINTER DAY: 80 70 . Humid climate 60 . Global radiation max ≈ 1,0kW/m² Time [hr] Relative humidity [%] humidity Relative 50 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 45 1,2 40 PV surface temperatures 1 C] 35 ° [ 0,8 30 0,6 25 0,4 20 Ambient temperatures 0,2 Temperatures 15 Time [hr] Time [hr] 10 Global radiation [kW/m²] radiation Global 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Figure 12 – Global radiation on a horizontal surface Figure 13 – Ambient temperature and surface temperature on the PV panels Page 13 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.3.a – CONSUMPTIONS STUDIES . Global consumption measured Internet . Consumption measured for each house LoRaWan concentrator . Collect SQUID’s . Consumption measured for each electronical device data . Send data to the Internet (Cloud) -SQUID allows to measure the current used by an equipment -SQUID communicates via the LoRaWan protocol -Ideal for long-range transmission (max 1.5 km) . Objective: Set up a consumption diagnostic Figure 15 – Network structure for the use of the Figure 14 – SQUID sensor from EWATTCH LoRaWan SQUIDS for the microgrid Page 14 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.3.b – CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOURS Old solar installations Fuel power generator Over-sized solar microgrid Insecure production Higher consumptions? Limited consumption Ideal sizing of the microgrid? BEFORE THE MICROGRID WITH THE MICROGRID Page 15 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.4 – PHYSICAL & MATHEMATICAL MODELS . Development of an Energy Management System (EMS) - Consumption tracking - Human/Machine interface (Android) - Consumption optimization . Storage dynamic simulations - Lead Battery Consumption & Production Environmental Economical - LiFePo Battery impacts SOC, SOH, Experimental set-up Weather data Voltage … - Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Jean CASTAING-LASVIGNOTTES Sidiki SIMPORE Figure 16 – Storage simulations principle Page 16 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.4 – PHYSICAL & MATHEMATICAL MODELS Energy stored User’s wishes EMS Minimize a constrained function: . User’s wishes . User’s needs . Energy available Energy consumptions Figure 17 – Smart grid management EMS inputs Page 17 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island III.4 – PHYSICAL & MATHEMATICAL MODELS Advice Intelligent management of EMS the microgrid Advice = . Best hours to use each electrical device Smart Grid . Electricity savings Advice Figure 18 – Smart grid management EMS outputs Page 18 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island IV – EXPECTATIONS . Develop the concept of smart and small grids in Reunion Island . Sort out electricity insecurities in the isolated areas . Develop methods for microgrids design . Develop methods and techniques for microgrids management . Economy on microgrids designing . Encourage the use of solar Page 19 MAFATE MICRO GRID – ERDF Project 2019-2022 – Reunion Island THANK YOU . Funders: . Suppliers and service providers: . Collaborators: Page 20.