Sector and economy wide effects of terminating the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in Denmark Jacobsen, Lars Bo; Jensen, Hans Grinsted Published in: Beyond Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production Publication date: 2004 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Jacobsen, L. B., & Jensen, H. G. (2004). Sector and economy wide effects of terminating the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in Denmark. In Beyond Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production: Working papers from the international symposium (pp. 77-86). Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. DIAS report - Animal Husbandry No. 57 Download date: 27. sep.. 2021 DIAS report Animal Husbandry no. 57 March 2004 Working papers from the international symposium: Beyond Antimicrobial Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production Research Centre Foulum 6-7 November 2002 DIAS reports primarily contain research results and trial statements aimed at Danish conditions. Also, the reports describe larger completed research projects or acts as an appendix at meetings and conferences. DIAS reports are published in the series: Plant production, Animal Husbandry and Horticulture. Subscribers obtain 25% discount. Subscription can be taken out by contacting: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele Tlf. +45 8999 1010 All DIAS publications can be ordered on the internet: www.agrsci.dk Print: DigiSource Danmark A/S ISSN 1397-9892 Working papers from the international symposium: Beyond Antimicrobial Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production Research Centre Foulum 6-7 November 2002 Organised by: Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research and Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences With the support of the World Health Organization Organising committee: Henrik C. Wegener DFVF Hanne-Dorthe Emborg DFVF Ole E. Heuer DFVF Per B. Larsen DFVF Lars Bogø Jensen DFVF Bent Borg Jensen DIAS Jan Tind Sørensen DIAS 3 4 Preface An international invitational symposium Beyond antimicrobial growth promoters was held on 6-7 November 2002 at the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum. The symposium was organised by Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research and Danish Insti- tute of Agricultural Science with the support of the World Health Organization. A total of 140 par- ticipants from 12 countries participated in the symposium, which included 32 scientific presenta- tions in 6 sessions with the following headings: Effects of the termination of antimicrobial growth promoter use on bacterial resistance to antimicrobials Effects of the termination of antimicrobial growth promoter use on animal welfare and pro- ductivity Consequences of termination of antimicrobial growth promoters use for animal health and the use of antimicrobials in food animals for therapy and prophylaxis Effects of the termination of antimicrobial growth promoter use on food prices and the com- petitiveness of agricultural industries Consequences of termination of antimicrobial growth promoters use for the environment Alternatives to the use of antibiotic growth promoters International speakers This report contains all working papers prepared by the presenters in the symposium. The papers are also available at www.who.int In conjunction to the symposium the World Health Organization organised an independent expert review of the Danish experiences. The expert reviewers report is also available from www.who.int This report has been prepared for publication by Susanne Carlsson DFVF and Lotte Tind Pedersen DIAS. March 2004 Jan Tind Sørensen & Bent Borg Jensen Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences 5 6 Contents Preface ………………………………………………………………………………..… 5 Contents …………………………………………………………………………….…... 7 1. Effects of termination of AGP use on antimicrobial resistance in food animals ……….. 9 - Frank M. Aarestrup 2. Effects of the termination of antimicrobial growth promoter use on antimicrobial resis- tance in bacteria from foods …………………………………………………………….. 17 - Jeppe Boel and Sigrid Andersen 3. Effects of the termination of AGP use on antimicrobial resistance in humans ................ 23 - Niels Frimodt-Møller and Anette M. Hammerum 4. Effects of the termination of antibiotic growth promoters use on antimicrobial resis- tance in pig garms: Macrolide-resistance among enterocci in finishers ………………... 29 - Håkan Vigre 5. Occurrence and persistence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Danish broiler production after the avoparcin ban ……………………………………………… 35 - O.E. Heuer, K. Pedersen, J.S. Andersen, L.B. Jensen, J.E. Olsen and M. Madsen 6. Effects of the termination of antibiotic growth promoters use on presence of resistance genes in bacterial isolates from production animals ......................................................... 43 - Lars Bogø Jensen, Anette M. Hammerum, Henrik Hasman and Frank M. Aarestrup 7. Effects of termination of antimicrobial growth promoter use for broiler health and pro- ductivity …………………………………………………………………………………. 51 - Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Ole Eske Heuer, Henrik Caspar We- gener 8. Effects of termination of AGP-use on pig welfare and productivity …………………… 57 - Jes Callesen 9. Surveillance experiences from DANMAP and VetStat – usage of antimicrobials in animals ………………………………………………………………………………….. 61 - Flemming Bager, Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen and Erik Jacobsen 10. Consequences of termination of AGP use for pig health and usage of antimicrobials for therapy and prophylaxis ………………………………………………………………… 67 - Per Bundgaard Larsen 11. Consequences of termination of AGP use for broiler health and usage of antimicrobials for therapy and prophylaxis …………………………………………………………….. 73 - Niels Tornøe 12. Sector and economy wide effects of terminating the use of antimicrobial growth pro- moters in Denmark ……………………………………………………………………… 77 - Lars-Bo Jacobsen and Hans G. Jensen 13. Consequences of terminating the use of AGP in Denmark for competitiveness in the in- ternational market place ………………………………………………………………… 87 - Henrik Bækstrøm Lauritsen 14. Environmental effects of the termination of AGP use in Denmark – in relation to zinc and copper ………………………………………………………………………………. 91 7 - Hanne Damgaard Poulsen and Dorthe Carlson 15. Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals in the UK ……………………………….. 101 - D. J. Taylor 16. Use of antimicrobial growth promoters in the United States – patterns of use and public health concerns ………………………………………………………………………….. 107 - Frederick J. Angulo 17. Use of antimicrobial growth promoters – does It play a role in combating malnutrition in the developing world? ………………………………………………………………... 113 - Peter Collignon 18. Discontinuing the use of antimicrobial growth promoters – the Swedish experience ….. 119 - Martin Wierup 19. Animal health as affected by management procedures in commercial pig production … 125 - Poul Bækbo 20. Animal welfare and health as affected by management procedures in commercial broiler flocks ……………………………………………………………………………. 133 - Jette Søholm Petersen 21. Organic acids and fermented liquid feed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters . 135 - Nuria Canibe, Lene Lind Mikkelsen, Ane Knarreborg, Anni Øyan Pedersen, Hanne Maribo and Bent Borg Jensen 22. Improved feed composition and feed processing as alternatives to AGP in pig produc- tion ………………………………………………………………………………………. 143 - Bent Borg Jensen, Nuria Canibe, Lene Lind Mikkelsen, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen and Lisbeth Jørgensen 23. Effects of the termination of AGP use on outbreaks of Lawsonia intracellularis in pigs 151 - Tim K. Jensen 24. Alternatives to AGP’s in broiler production ……………………………………………. 153 - Ricarda M. Engberg 25. Alternatives to AGP in pig production – practical experience …………………………. 159 - Niels Kjeldsen 26. Reducing the use of antimicrobials in pig herds by improving data on disease treatment and disease ........................................................................................................................ 165 - Niels Peter Baadsgaard 27. Automatic data as early disease indicators in pig production ........................................... 171 - T.N. Madsen and B.K. Pedersen 28. Breeding pigs for resistance to clinical and subclinical disease ………………………... 179 - Mark Henryon, Peer Berg and Helle Juul-Madsen 29. Natural resistance as an alternative to AGP in poultry …………………………………. 185 - H.R. Juul-Madsen, K.H. Handberg, L.R. Norup and P.H. Jørgensen 30. Use of alternatives to AGP in animal food production in China ……………………….. 191 - Defa Li 31. Use of alternatives to AGP in animal food production in the USA …………………….. 197 - James E. Pettigrew 8 1. Effects of termination of AGP use on antimicrobial resistance in food animals Frank M. Aarestrup Research professor, DVM, PhD, DSc Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen Abstract large number of new compounds were discov- Antimicrobial agents are in the production of ered in the following decades. However, shortly food animals used for therapy and prophylactics after the introduction, resistance began to of bacterial infections and in feed to promote emerge and in all known cases emergence of an- growth. The use of antimicrobial agents for food timicrobial resistance have followed the intro- animals may cause problems through the selec- duction of new antimicrobial compounds (Levy, tion for resistance among bacteria pathogenic 1982). It has now become clear that antimicro- for animals or humans (zoonotic