Phytotaxa 72: 1–111 (2012) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press Monograph ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) PHYTOTAXA 72 Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) 9. Addenda, corrigenda, keys, lists and general discussion NORMAN K. B. ROBSON Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by Mark Carine: 10 Aug. 2012; published: 16 Nov. 2012 NORMAN K. B. ROBSON Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) 9. Addenda, corrigenda, keys, lists and general discussion (Phytotaxa 72) 111 pp.; 30 cm. 16 Nov. 2012 ISBN 978-1-77557-048-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-049-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1179-3155 (Print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (Online edition) 2 • Phytotaxa 72 © 2012 Magnolia Press ROBSON Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1. ADDENDA, CORRIGENDA, SECTIONS AND SPECIES ....................................................................... 5 Additional and deleted taxa, synonyms and revisions ......................................................................................................... 5 Other addenda and corrigenda ........................................................................................................................................... 46 Sections of Hypericum enumerated with distributions and suggested relationships ......................................................... 55 Revised key to the sections of Hypericum ......................................................................................................................... 59 Numerical list of Hypericum taxa ...................................................................................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERS, DISTRIBUTION AND EVOLUTION ......................................................................... 69 Morphology........................................................................................................................................................................ 69 1. Habit........................................................................................................................................................................ 69 2. Leaves ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70 a. Venation .................................................................................................................................................................. 70 b. Glandularity ............................................................................................................................................................ 70 3. Flowers.................................................................................................................................................................... 70 a. Floral whorls ........................................................................................................................................................... 70 b. Outer whorl of the androecium............................................................................................................................... 71 4. Pollen and pollination ............................................................................................................................................. 72 a. Pollen ...................................................................................................................................................................... 72 b. Pollination............................................................................................................................................................... 72 Cytology and genetics........................................................................................................................................................ 73 1. Chromosome numbers ............................................................................................................................................ 73 2. Apomixis................................................................................................................................................................. 74 Chemotaxonomy ................................................................................................................................................................ 74 Evolutionary trends ............................................................................................................................................................ 74 Relationships, distribution and dispersal............................................................................................................................ 74 1. Relationships........................................................................................................................................................... 75 a. Sect. 1. Campylosporus and its derivatives............................................................................................................. 76 b. Sect. 3. Ascyreia and its derivatives........................................................................................................................ 78 c. Sect. 7. Roscyna and its derivatives ........................................................................................................................ 80 2. Distribution ............................................................................................................................................................. 82 a. Sect. 1. Campylosporus and derivatives ................................................................................................................. 82 b. Sect. 3. Ascyreia and derivatives ............................................................................................................................ 87 c. Sect. 7. Roscyna and derivatives............................................................................................................................. 89 3. Disjunctions ............................................................................................................................................................ 91 4. Dispersal mechanisms............................................................................................................................................. 92 a. Gravity .................................................................................................................................................................... 93 b. Wind........................................................................................................................................................................ 93 c. Birds—internal ....................................................................................................................................................... 93 d. Birds—external ...................................................................................................................................................... 93 (i) Sect. Trigynobrathys .............................................................................................................................................. 94 (ii) Sect. Humifusoideum ............................................................................................................................................ 94 e. Ants ......................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Evolution ............................................................................................................................................................................ 95 1. Delimiting Hypericum ............................................................................................................................................ 95 a. Santomasia.............................................................................................................................................................. 95 b. Lianthus .................................................................................................................................................................. 96 c. Hypericum piriai....................................................................................................................................................