Water Systems on Earth Water Systems on Earth OVERVIEW In this unit, students continue their study of Earth and Space Science by examining water systems and discovering the important roles of water on Earth. Students investigate salt water and fresh water, places where water is found on Earth, and different organisms that live in water. Students learn how the different physical states of water fit into the water cycle and contribute to our weather and climate. Finally, students create models to show how different geological features result from water processes and how oil spills can be cleaned up. Approximately 25 to 30 hours are needed to complete this unit. For a detailed curriculum correlation, refer to page xxxiii in the Overview section of this resource. PRESCRIBED LEARNING OUTCOMES PLO1: explain the significance of salinity and temperature in the world’s oceans PLO2: describe how water and ice shape the landscape PLO3: explain variations in productivity and species distribution in marine environments Chapter 7: The Water Cycle PLO1 PLO2 PLO3 Key Idea 1: The water on Earth is not ✓ distributed equally. Key Idea 2: All the water in, on, and around ✓ Earth circulates through the water cycle. Key Idea 3: Moving water and ice can change ✓ the shape of the land. Key Idea 4: The water cycle is affected by ✓ many factors. Key Idea 5: Water systems are managed to protect them from the impacts of human activities. 488 Unit C: Water Systems on Earth NEL Chapter 8: Water Features PLO1 PLO2 PLO3 Key Idea 1: The shape of Earth’s surface ✓ determines how water flows over it. Key Idea 2: The movement of glaciers wears ✓ down and flattens the landscape. Key Idea 3: Temperature differences cause ✓✓✓ movement within a body of water. Key Idea 4: Large bodies of water, such as ✓ lakes and oceans, affect weather and climate. Key Idea 5: Ocean waves shape, and are ✓ affected by, geological features. Key Idea 6: The regular movement of the oceans in tides is affected by geological features. Chapter 9: Water and Our World PLO1 PLO2 PLO3 Key Idea 1: Many areas of Earth that are ✓ covered with water are unexplored. Key Idea 2: Human use of natural resources affects water systems. Key Idea 3: Saltwater or marine ecosystems are home to a variety of organisms that require ✓ proper conditions to survive and reproduce. Key Idea 4: Fish farms have been established to raise fish for food because of decreasing ✓ wild populations. NEL 489 UNIT PLANNING CHART—CHAPTER 7 Section Key Ideas Skills and Processes Unit C Preview Observing 15–30 min Chapter 7 Introduction The Water Cycle 15–30 min 7.1 Water in Our World The water on Earth is not distributed equally. 45–60 min 7.2 Inquiry Investigation: The water on Earth is not distributed equally. Conducting Comparing Salt Water Recording and Fresh Water Analyzing 45–60 min Communicating 7.3 The Water Cycle All the water in, on, and around Earth circulates 45–60 min through the water cycle. The water cycle is affected by many factors. 490 Unit C: Water Systems on Earth NEL Hands-on Activities Lesson Materials Program Resources Try This: Water—What’s per student Unit Rubric the Difference? • apron Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site p. 191 per group www.science.nelson.com • test tube for each •magnifying glass water sample •microscope • test-tube rack or •masking tape for large beaker to hold labelling test tubes test tubes per station •labelled samples of • paper towels water from various •masking tape sources in •microscope slides containers with and cover slips spouts for pouring BLM 0.0-9 Chapter Key Ideas BLM 0.0-10 Science Idea Box BLM 0.0-11 Vocabulary Wheel BLM 0.0-12 Term Box Rubric 7: Chapter 7 Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com BLM 7.1-1 Characteristics of Fresh Water and Salt Water SM 7.1 Water in Our World Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com Inquiry Investigation: per student Investigation Rubric 5: Inquiry Investigation Comparing Salt Water • apron • safety goggles Investigation Rubric 6: Inquiry Investigation— and Fresh Water per group Self-Assessment p. 195 •2 microscope slides • beakers BLM 7.2-1 Inquiry Investigation: Comparing Salt • medicine dropper • drinking straw or Water and Fresh Water • desk lamp pipette BLM 0.0-17 Developing a Science Portfolio •microscope • 30 cm wooden Science Skills and Processes Rubric 9: Conducting • 100 mL graduated dowel Science Skills and Processes Rubric 10: cylinder •marking pen or Conducting—Self-Assessment • triple-beam balance masking tape Science Skills and Processes Rubric 11: Recording or scale Science Skills and Processes Rubric 12: per station Recording—Self-Assessment • salt water (3.5 % • distilled water Science Skills and Processes Rubric 13: Analyzing saline solution) •food colouring Science Skills and Processes Rubric 14: • fresh water Analyzing—Self-Assessment Science Skills and Processes Rubric 17: Communicating Science Skills and Processes Rubric 18: Communicating—Self-Assessment Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com SM 7.3 The Water Cycle BLM 0.0-9 Chapter Key Ideas BLM 7.3-1 Water Cycle Extensions Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com (Continued) NEL Chapter 7 The Water Cycle 491 UNIT PLANNING CHART—CHAPTER 7 (continued) Section Key Ideas Skills and Processes 7.4 The Water Table Moving water and ice can change the shape of Creating Models 45–60 min the land. Measuring Inferring Interpreting Data 7.5 The Power of Water Moving water and ice can change the shape of Predicting 45–60 min the land. Creating Models Observing Inferring Tech.Connect: The Dikes of Richmond, British Columbia 20 min 7.6 The Human Side of The water cycle is affected by many factors. Recording Water Systems Communicating 30–45 min Classifying 7.7 Water Treatment and Water systems are managed to protect them Disposal from the impacts of human activities. 45–60 min Chapter 7 Review The Chapter Review provides an opportunity for 45–60 min students to demonstrate their understanding of and their ability to apply the key ideas, vocabulary, and skills and processes. 492 Unit C: Water Systems on Earth NEL Hands-on Activities Lesson Materials Program Resources Try This: Capillary Action per student SM 7.4 The Water Table in Soil • apron • safety goggles BLM 0.0-9 Chapter Key Ideas p. 201 per group Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site • sheet of clear • approximately www.science.nelson.com plastic 500 mL water • adhesive tape • approximately 1 L •aluminum pie plate sand or pan per station • water • 3 L sand Try This: A River’s per student SM 7.5 The Power of Water Response to Rain • apron • safety goggles BLM 7.5-1 Damage Caused by Water in My p. 206 • gloves Community per group Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site •2 aluminum pie • 1.5 L garden www.science.nelson.com plates or pans (potting) soil • 500 mL water per station •watering can Try This: Water Use SM 7.6 The Human Side of Water Systems Survey BLM 7.6-1 Description of Water Use p. 210 BLM 7.6-2 Charter of Water Rights and Responsibilities BLM 7.6-3 Monitoring Water Use at Home Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com BLM 7.7-1 Filtering Dirty Water SM 7.7 Water Treatment and Disposal BLM 7.7-2 A Water Map—From the Source to Where You Live Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com BLM 0.0-9 Chapter Key Ideas BLM 7.0 Chapter 7 Quiz Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com NEL Chapter 7 The Water Cycle 493 UNIT PLANNING CHART—CHAPTER 8 Section Key Ideas Skills and Processes Chapter 8 Introduction Water Features 15–30 min 8.1 Geological Features The shape of Earth’s surface determines how Creating Models at Sea and on Land water flows over it. Observing 45–60 min ScienceWorks: Footprints—Here Today, Gone Tomorrow 15 min 8.2 Glaciers: Rivers of The movement of glaciers wears down and Ice flattens the landscape. 30–45 min 8.3 Inquiry Investigation: Temperature differences cause movement within Conducting Water Temperature and a body of water. Recording Currents Analyzing 45–60 min Evaluating Communicating 8.4 Currents Temperature differences cause movement within Communicating 45–60 min a body of water. Creating Models Observing 494 Unit C: Water Systems on Earth NEL Hands-on Activities Lesson Materials Program Resources BLM 0.0-9 Chapter Key Ideas BLM 0.0-10 Science Idea Box BLM 0.0-11 Vocabulary Wheel BLM 0.0-12 Term Box Rubric 8: Chapter 8 Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com Try This: Watersheds and per student BLM 8.1-1 Topographical Map of North America Divides • apron • safety goggles SM 8.1 Geographical Features at Sea and on Land p. 224 per group BLM 8.1-2 Making Watersheds and Divides •plastic dishpan • garbage bag BLM 0.0-19 Scrap and Keep Notes per station Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site • ball of string • roll of duct tape www.science.nelson.com •mixing bowl (large) • 3 L cornstarch •1 L water in plastic jug • measuring cup or 1 L • spoon or stirring rod plastic container SM 8.2 Glaciers: Rivers of Ice BLM 8.2-1 Glaciers of Old BLM 0.0-20 Question Notes Nelson Science Probe 8 Web site www.science.nelson.com Investigation: Water per student Investigation Rubric 5: Inquiry Investigation Temperature and • apron • safety goggles Investigation Rubric 6: Inquiry Investigation— Currents per group Self-Assessment p.