О Г О К С В Е Ш Ы Н Р Е Ч . Г . Н И Н Е М И Т Е Т И С Р Е В И Н У Й Ы Н Н Tupikova S.E. Е В Т С Р А Д У С О Г Й И К С В О Т А Р А С 1 УДК 373.01 (410) (075.8) ББК 74.58 (4Вел)я 73 Т 75 Тупикова С.Е. О Г British History and Heritage. История и наследие Великобритании. УчебноеО К пособие (на англ.яз.). Саратов: Амирит, 2019. - 104 с. С В Е ISBN 978-5-00140-179-7 Ш Ы Н Р Учебное пособие British History and Heritage представляет Есобой краткое Ч введение в лекционно-практический курс «Лингвострановедение и. страноведение», Г знакомящее с основными историческими и культурными событиями. страны изучаемого языка с древнейших времен до настоящих дней и включающее в себя Н тестовые задания и вопросы к семинарским занятиям. И Н Предлагая информацию об истории и культуре Великобритании,Е данное пособие способствует формированию социально-культурной компетенцииМ и коммуникативной И компетенции, культурной грамотности изучающих английскийТ язык. Степень освоения Е теоретического материала проверяется контрольнымиТ вопросами и тестовыми заданиями. И С Представленное пособие ориентировано Рна студентов факультетов иностранных Е языков вузов, отделений романо-германскихВ языков университетов, обучающихся по И дополнительной квалификации «ПереводчикН в сфере профессиональной коммуникации», а также представляет интере У с для всех изучающих английский язык. Й Ы Рецензенты: Н Н доктор филологических наук,Е профессор А.А. Зарайский, В кандидат филологическихТ наук, профессор Р.З. Назарова С Р Рекомендует к печати:А Д Кафедра английскогоУ языка и методики его преподавания С Факультета иностраО нных языков и лингводидактики Г ФГБОУ ВО Й«СГУ имени Н.Г. Чернышевского» И К Пособие Сиздано в авторской редакции В УДК 373.01 (410) (075.8) О Т ББК 74.58 (4Вел)я 73 А Р А С ISBN 978-5-00140-179-7 © Тупикова С.Е., 2019 2 THE CONCISE HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND WARMING UP ACTIVITIES О 1. Before discussing British History and Heritage, read the following quotes of Г О famous people and make a critical comment. Say to what extent do you agree orК С disagree with these ideas. В 2. Translate the quotes into Russian and make a list of topical vocabulary youЕ may Ш need while discussing the history of the country. Ы Н Р Е Ч . Г . Н И Н Е М И Т Е Т И С Р Е В И Н У Й Ы Н Н Е В Т С Р А Д У С О Г Й И К С В О Т А Р А С 3 О Г О К С В Е Ш Ы Н Р Е Ч . Г . Н И Н Е М И Т Е Т И С Р Е В И Н У Й Ы Н Н Е В Т С Р А Д У С О Г Й И К С В О Т А Р А С 4 3. Now study the following statement. Some people think that studying history is a waste of time while others believe that it is essential to learn. О Discuss both sides and give your opinion. To what extent do you agree? But before Г О complete the ideas for both sides of the argument. К С В History Is A Waste Of Time History Is Important Е Ш Most people memorize dates, names, History helps us understand ourЫ culture Н events and facts when they study history. and how our culture and Рcountry have Е This information is not useful in everyday evolved. Ч . life or for the future. Г . Н Each historical event has different History gives identityИ and helps unify Н perspectives. For this reason, it makes people. It gives Еpeople a sense of roots and learning history a waste of time and effort- belonging. М И consuming but useless because events can Т Е also be interpreted in a different way which Т И makes what we learn in history less С Р valuable. Е В И Н У Й Ы Н Н Е В Т С Р А Д У С О Г Й И К С В О Т А Р А С Write an argumentative essay after studying its layout. 5 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS WRITING * An argument follows when two groups disagree about something. * People can have different opinions and can offer reasons in support of their arguments. However, sometimes it might be difficult to convince the other group О because the argument could be based on a matter of preference, or religious faith. Г О * Therefore, arguments of preference, belief or faith are NOT the type of arguments.К С The kind of argument that can be argued logically is one based on an opinion that canВ be Е supported by evidence such as facts. Ш * An argumentative essay is also one that attempts/tries to change the reader’sЫ mind, Н to convince the reader to agree with the point of view of the writer. Р Е * For that reason, the argumentative essay attempts to be highlyЧ persuasive and . logical. For example, a thesis such as “My first experiences withГ Americans were . shocking” has a central idea ‘shocking’ but it is not really strongly Н persuasive, and it is certainly not argumentative. И Н * When you write an argumentative essay, assume that theЕ reader disagrees with you. But please remember that your reader is no less intelligent thanМ you. И * So, write objectively, logically and respectfully. TryТ to understand your opponent’s Е point of view. If you do not, you are not likely to conviТ nce the reader. И С Р Е PLANNING/ORGANIZING THE ARGUMENTATIVEВ ESSAY И Н У When you are planning the argumentativeЙ essay, be aware that the essay should contain the following characteristics:Ы Н Н Е 1. The argumentative essayВ should introduce and explain the issue or case. The Т reader needs to understandС what the issue is going to being argue. Р 2. The essay should offerА reasons and support for those reasons. In other words, the Д essay should proveУ its point. 3. The essay shouldС refute opposing arguments. (refute: to prove wrong by argument О or to show that Г something is invalid/untrue/illogical) Й 4. The essayИ should summarize arguments and contra-arguments and provide with К neutralС conclusion. В О Т АORGANIZATION of an ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Р А С 1. Introduction. You can first introduce the problem and give background information necessary for the argument and the thesis 2. Reasons. It is usually a good idea to spend one paragraph for each reason. Two or three reasons are typical. 6 3. Refutation. Depending on the points the writer wants to make, one or two paragraphs are typical. 4. Conclusion. О OUTLINE of an ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY Г О К INTRODUCTION С В Introduction: Background about the topic Е Thesis statement: ….. Ш Ы Н Р BODY Е Ч I. Pro(for/in support of) argument: (weakest. argument Г that supports your opinion) . II. Pro(for/in support of) argument: Н (stronger argument И that supports your opinion) Н Е III. Pro(for/in support of) argument:М (strongest argument that supports your opinion) И Т IV. Con (against/negative):Е (Counter/oppose arguments and Т your refutation) И С CONCLUSION Р Е В Summary, solution, prediction, orИ recommendation Н У Й Ы USEFUL TIPS for ARGUMENTATIVEН ESSAYS Н To write well developed paragraphs:Е В Т Avoid strong feelingsС (don’t say: nobody does this, or it is impossible to disagree Р with me) А Д Use generalizationsУ (e.g. people say/believe/consider) С Do not useО strong generalization (e.g. everybody believes that…..) Do not use Г strong personal expressions (e.g. I think) Й Use Иlinking words (e.g. therefore, although, however etc.) К UseС sequencing (e.g. firstly, secondly, lastly) В О Make reference to other sources (e.g. The government claims that…) Т А Give examples – not personal thoughts (e.g. products such as sprayer can destroy Р the environment) А С Give up banal introductions. Write something more original (Don’t write: This topic has been important since ancient times. When? Too vague = unclear) 7 TRANSİTİONS A. INTRODUCTION OF PARAGRAPH This question/matter/subject can be looked at from several points of view. This problem should be considered in relation to …… О State a strong, firm opinion e.g.: Г О There is no doubt that women are more intelligent than men … К С I believe that by the year 2000, every home will have a computer … В Address the reader directly e.g.: Е Ш Have you ever considered …? Ы Н Has it ever occurred to you that computers will one day organize your life?Р Е Start with the problem that needs a solution e.g.: Ч . More and more species are becoming extinct … Г As time passes, our lives will be controlled by computers. Н И Н B. BODY – PARAGRAPHS 1,2,3 Е To list point: М И The first reason is …. First of all,Т Е The second reason is …… To startТ with, И The third reason is …….. Secondly,С Р The third and most important reason is ….. Thirdly,Е В Finally, И Another reason is …. Н У On the other hand, …. Й On the contrary, Ы Н The final reason is …… Н Е One major advantage of, В One major disadvantage of, Т A further advantage С One point of view in favor against Р One point of view in favorА of In the first place Д У Last but not least С О White it’s true toГ say that ….