Coordinators: Dr. Akhouri Pramod Krishna Dr. C. Jeganathan External Coordinator: Dr. Malay Mukul Earth Sciences IIT Bombay Local Organising Committee: Dr. N. Patel Dr. V.S. Rathore Dr. Mili Ghosh nee Lala Dr. R.N.K. Sharma Mr. Nitish Kumar Sinha Support Acknowledgements: Research Scholars Project Fellows PG Students FOREWORD Many Himalayan towns are typically located along hill-tops and have undergone rapid growth and urbanization in the last decade. Their populations have grown manifold and multi-storeyed Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures abound in these towns in complete disregard to the seismic and landslide hazard associated with the Himalaya. Given that the housing sector in the Indian Himalaya is unorganized, it lacks an enforceable standard building code for these constructions. Consequently, many of these towns are built on fault zones and are spread over hill slopes that are steep. These towns are, therefore, vulnerable to both earthquakes and landslides as Himalaya is an active seismic zone. The recent September 18, 2011, 6.9 magnitude earthquake in Sikkim was a wake-up call for pending disaster. In the light of this situation there is an acute need to determine current areas of highest risk as well as to plan for future urbanization as well as relief and rescue strategies accordingly. This Brainstorming Workshop aims to develop a new methodology that integrates rheological and structural signatures of deformation in faulted rocks in the field of structural geology, quantification of contemporary slope motions using high precision static and Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and measurement of stability and steepness of slopes using Satellite and Drone based Remote Sensing and Digital topography, followed by the modelling of the fault-zone induced surface mass transport in the studied terrain. This will provide a base-map for establishing what slopes are most likely to fail and cause aseismic or seismically induced surface mass transport. We aim to develop and test this new integrated approach using townships affected by fault zones in the West Bengal state of Indian Eastern Himalaya as a case study and then extend the methodology to the other parts of the Indian Himalaya. This National Brainstorming Workshop has brought together a number of Indian Researchers to deliberate upon the most effective way to carry out research in Himalayan towns in Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya to produce a hazard map that superimposes layers in a Geographic Information System (GIS). This would allow determination of the most vulnerable zones in the urbanized regions. Proposals will be formulated and put together during the Workshop and presented by potential PIs. A concept paper will be prepared to outline the roadmap for the development of the research theme on "Landslides and Human Environment: A New Approach to the Study of Fault related Hazards in Himalayan Towns". Coordinators Brief objective of the Workshop Many Himalayan towns are typically located along hill-tops and have undergone rapid growth and urbanization in the last decade. Their populations have grown manifold and multi-storeyed Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures abound in these towns in complete disregard to the seismic and landslide hazard associated with the Himalaya. Given that the housing sector in the Indian Himalaya is unorganized, it lacks an enforceable standard building code for these constructions. Consequently, many of these towns are built on fault zones and are spread over hill slopes that are steep. These towns are, therefore, vulnerable to both earthquakes and landslides as Himalaya is an active seismic zone. The recent September 18, 2011, 6.9 magnitude earthquake in Sikkim was a wake-up call for pending disaster. In the light of this situation there is an acute need to determine current areas of highest risk as well as to plan for future urbanization as well as relief and rescue strategies accordingly. This Brainstorming Workshop aims to develop a new methodology that integrates rheological and structural signatures of deformation in faulted rocks in the field of structural geology, quantification of contemporary slope motions using high precision static and Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and measurement of stability and steepness of slopes using Satellite and Drone based Remote Sensing and Digital topography, followed by the modelling of the fault-zone induced surface mass transport in the studied terrain. This will provide a base-map for establishing what slopes are most likely to fail and cause aseismic or seismically induced surface mass transport. We aim to develop and test this new integrated approach using townships affected by fault zones in the West Bengal state of Indian Eastern Himalaya as a case study and then extend the methodology to the other parts of the Indian Himalaya. Department of Remote Sensing Department of Remote Sensing was established in 1997 with an aim to meet the increasing demand for qualified manpower in this rapidly developing field. Application of Remote Sensing/Geoinformatics techniques using tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) in various activities including resources evaluation, environmental monitoring and land use/land cover mapping etc has grown considerably during the last few decades and RS data products are increasingly being used for plan formulation at all levels. The benefits of space technology, both direct and indirect, have introduced new dimensions into the study and understanding of Earth’s processes and in improving the quality of life for the people living on it.An essential pre-requisite to partaking in these opportunities is the building of various indigenous capacities for the development and utilization of space science and technology. About the Institute For over five decades, BIT Mesra (located 16 kms from Ranchi, the Jharkhand state-capital) has been engaged in nurturing minds through a rich heritage of academic excellence. Essentially a hub of bustling student activities, the beautiful campus has been a second-home to thousands of students in their journey to challenge the times. Established in 1955 by the visionary-industrialist Mr. B.M. Birla, it is today one of the most premier engineering destinations in India. Keeping up with the times has never been enough at BIT as it has mostly been either at the top of ranking surveys or the first among initiators of path breaking ideas. From the introduction of new academic programmes to re-structuring the current ones, from improving infrastructure to upgrading teaching skills, the students' welfare has always been the focal point in BIT's larger picture. As a result, the Institute enjoys an unsurpassed reputation in academia and corporate circles being the preferred manpower source for many industries not only in India but also abroad. Campus highlights Campus life is undoubtedly the most cherished memory for a student and BIT ensures that discipline is properly coupled with a more than adequate share of fun and excitement. Students share an open and transparent bond with the faculty and other staff members and everybody puts in their very best to make the Institute a great place to live and learn in. Completely residential, the campus is self- contained with excellent hostel facilities and hangout zones. Along with Undergraduate and Postgraduate Programmes, the Institute has sizeable number of registered students for Doctoral Programmes at present. TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 16, 2020 DAY 1 0930-1000 Registration 1000-1045 Workshop Inauguration 1045-1115 High Tea TECHNICAL SESSION I INTRODUCTION Chair: A. P. Krishna 1115-1145 Outline and Motivation for the Workshop – Malay Mukul 1145-1215 Fault zones in the Himalaya and Himalayan towns – Abdul Matin 1215-1230 Tea Break and Discussions TECHNICAL SESSION II LANDSLIDES IN THE DARJILING-SIKKIM HIMALAYA Chair: Abdul Matin 1230-1300 Landslide Hazard in the Darjiling-Sikkim Himalaya – AP Krishna 1300-1330 Landslide Distribution in the Darjiling-Sikkim Himalaya – Praful Rao 1330-1430 LUNCH TECHNICAL SESSION III FAULT ZONES AND REMOTE SENSING Chair: Malay Mukul 1430-1500 Fault Zone architecture- Vinee Srivastava 1500-1530 Remote Sensing Techniques in detecting surface motions – Kuntala Bhusan 1530-1545 Tea Break and Discussions TECHNICAL SESSION IV DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHY Chair: C. Jeganathan 1545-1615 Digital Topography data and their uncertainties – Manas Mukul 1615-1645 Drone based high precision DEMs – D. Ramakrishnan 1645-1730 Discussions and Daily Round Up MARCH 17, 2020 Day 2 TECHNICAL SESSION V TECTONIC GEOMORPHOLOGY Chair: Malay Mukul 0945-1015 Tectonic Geomorphology signatures and drainage development in fault zones – Vimal Singh 1015-1045 Uncertainties in Geomorphic Indices and fault zones –Manas Mukul 1045-1100 Tea Break and Discussions TECHNICAL SESSION VI GNSS DATA AND MODELLING OF SLOPE STABILITY Chair: Purba Joshi 1100-1130 GNSS Technology in detecting surface motions – Sridevi Jade 1130-1200 Slope Stability monitoring and modelling –Maneesha V. Ramesh 1200-1215 Tea Break and Discussions TECHNICAL SESSION VII MODELLING AND SOCIETAL IMPACT Chair: Sridevi Jade 1215-1245 Modelling RTK GPS surface motions by Dislocations – Vinee Srivastava 1245-1315 Dissemination of landslide hazard results for societal benefit – G. Balamurugan 1315-1415 LUNCH 1415-1445 Optimal integration of tools and scientific insights for societal benefit -Purba Joshi 1445-1545 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS