ORGANISATIONSKOMMITTÉN FÖR OLYMPISKA SPELEN 1 STOCKHOLM 1912 THE FIFTH OLYMPIAD THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM 1912 ISSUED BY THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE EDITED BY ERIK BERGVALL TRANSLATED BY EDWARD ADAMS-RAY PUBLISHED BY WAHLSTRÖM & WIDSTRAND STOCKHOLM PRINTED BY THE CENTRAL TRYCKERIET STOCKHOLM 1913. THE VIGNETTES BY ARTHUR SJÖGREN. — THE PLATES BY “GRAFISKA AKTlEBOLAGET KLICHÉ" AND WARNER SILFVERSPARRE’S NYA GRAFISKA AKTIEBOLAG. — THE PAPER SUPPLIED BY J. B. MUNKTELL’S PAPPERSFABRIKS AKTIEBOLAG AND AKTIEBOLAGET KLIPPANS FINPAPPERSBRUK. PREFACE. he Swedish Olympic Committee for the Olympic Games of TStockholm, 1912, considered it to be its duty to publish a full report of the Fifth Olympiad and its competitions, but it was not before the beginning of 1913, when the somewhat lengthy process of winding up the affairs of the vast organization for the Games was almost at an end, that the work could be begun, under the immediate direction of the Executive Committee and the Finance Section. Mr. Erik Bergvall was entrusted with the task of editing the report. The following persons have contributed special ar- ticles on the branches of athletics mentioned: FIELD AND TRACK ATHLETICS: S. LÅFTMAN, Esq. TUG-OF-WAR AND CYCLING Captain C. G. DRAKE. FENCING: Captain E. FICK. FOOTBALL: T. HUSÉN, Esq. GYMNASTICS: Captains E. NERMAN and C. HJORTH. HORSE RIDING COMPETITIONS: Lieutenant C. TRÄGÅRDH. LAWN TENNIS : Fleet-Paymaster K. ZETTERBERG. MODERN PENTATHLON: Lieutenant F. S. GRANFELT. ROWING: U. SALCHOW, Esq. SHOOTING: V. WAHLQVIST, Esq. C. G. BOIVIE, Esq. E. MELIN, Esq. SWIMMING: ERIK BERGVALL, Esq. WRESTLING: J. BORG, Esq. YACHT RACING: H. ANDERSSON, Esq., C. E. Other articles of a more special character, such as the de- scription of the origin of the Stadium and the arrangement of the sites of the competitions, the reports issued by the Reception-, Accommodation- and Press Committees, etc., have been written VII by various experts. The account of the work of advertising the Games has been contributed by KRISTIAN HELLSTRÖM, Esq., the General Secretary, and the statistical material has been collected and revised by Mr. JOHN WIDENFELT. Much care has been taken with this part of the work, in order to have every name and figure as correct as possible. The Official Report thus edited and now published is issued in two different editions, one in Swedish and one in English. The translation of the English edition has been carried out by Mr. EDWARD ADAMS-RAY. THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM, 1912. Stockholm, December 1913. VIII CONTENTS. THE ORGANIZATION AND PRELIMINARY ARRANGEMENTS. Page. LIST OF COMMITTEES The International Olympic Committee The Swedish Olympic Committee Sections of the Swedish Olympic Committee The Chief Members of the Special Committees THE CHIEF GENERAL FEATURES OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM 1912. The choice of Stockholm for the Games The organization of the work The weightiest tasks of the Committees Official invitation to the Games of Stockholm, 1912 Measures taken for the convenience and comfort of visitors to Stockholm Report of the Finance Committee Income Expenditure Tabulated view of the income and expenditure of the Olympic Games of Stockholm, inclusive of the cost of the erection of the Stadium Statistics showing the number of paying visitors present at the various competitions GENERAL QUESTIONS. The Programme of the Fifth Olympiad. The original programme and its origin Additions and alterations The final programme General programme The programme of festivities Drawing up the daily programme of the competitions General daily programme Drawing up the rules for the competitions General regulations for the Olympic Games Amateur definitions The Juries and Officials at the Games. The principles adopted List of members of the International Juries for the various branches of athletics The Court of Appeal Foreign officials The posts filled by the Swedish officials The qualifications of the officials Instructions for the officials for the competitions in athletics cycling road race round Lake Mälar Fifth Olympiad. IX Page. Instructions for the officials for the competitions in gymnastics swimming competitions and competitors at the shooting competitions The medals, badges and diplomas of the Fifth Olympiad challenge prizes of the Olympic Games Guarantee PREPARING THE SITES OF THE COMPETITIONS The Stadium. The origin of the building Building Committee building site contractor’s work architecture of the Stadium grand stands and standing places interior premises arena, tracks and gardens Desciption of the construction of the tracks and pitches at the Stadium Technical building arrangements Bunting The bazaar buildings and the kiosks in Valhallavägen Building- and other expenses The Swimming Stadium The swimming course The diving platform The stands Other competing places. Östermalm Athletic Grounds Lawn Tennis Fencing Football Horse Riding competitions Rowing competitions Shooting Yacht Racing THE ARRANGEMENTS MADE FOR THE RECEPTION AND ACCOM- MODATION OF COMPETITORS, ETC. Report issued by the Reception Committee of the Accommodation Committee: Preparatory work. — The cheaper forms of accommodation. — Correspondence with the foreign delegates. — Accommodation provided for the various nations. — The sleeping accom- modation in the schools. — Boarding arrangements for the competitors. — Procural of rooms for tourists. — The number of rooms available Report of the Press Committee, Telegraph and telephone arrangements Traffic- and customs-arrangements Flag labels Tramway traffic HOW THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM 1912 WERE ADVER- TISED: Newspaper cuttings. — The General Programme. — Circular. — The Ad- vertisement Committees. — Official poster and advertising stamp. — Distribution of the advertising material. — Literary and journalistic ad- vertising. — Other measures employed for advertising the Games. — Distribution office. — Advertising the Games in Sweden. — Local ad- vertising X Page. THE TRAINING OF THE SWEDISH ATHLETES FOR THE OLYMPIC GAMES Athletics Tug-of-war Cycling Fencing Football Gymnastics Horse Riding competitions Lawn Tennis Modem Pentathlon Rowing Shooting Swimming Wrestling List of the Try Outs for the Olympic Games of Stockholm, 1912 COMPETITIONS AND FESTIVITIES. THE SOLEMN OPENING OF THE GAMES Olympic Games Triumphal March FIELD AND TRACK ATHLETICS: General organization of preparatory work Choosing the branches of athletics to be represented at the Games; drawing up the general regulations The question of penalizing false starts Calculation of points for the Pentathlon Drawing up the rules for the Decathlon The athletic-technical details in the Stadium The arrangements for the competitions in the Stadium, etc. Making known the results to the public and the Press The athlete’s pocket-book with detailed regulations of the competitions and P. M. Description of the automatic timing- and judging apparatus used at the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 Arrangements for the training of the athletes from abroad The Competitions: Running: 100 metres Flat 200 400 800 1,500 5,000 10,000 Hurdle race, 110 metres Relay race, 400 1,600 Team race, 3,000 Cross-country race, 8,000 metres The Marathon Race Walking race, 10,000 metres Jumping Competitions Running High Jump Standing Running Broad Jump XI Page. Standing Broad Jump Hop, Step and Pole jump Throwing Competitions: Throwing the Javelin, best hand right and left hand Discus, best hand right and left hand Putting the Weight, best hand right and left hand Throwing the Hammer The Pentathlon and the Decathlon Some general reflections and wishes concerning Field and Track Athletics Tables showing the position of the various countries as regards points obtained in Field and Track events Diplomas of Merit THE TUG-OF-WAR: Its organization The Competition CYCLING: Organization The method of starting prevention of pacing arrangements along the course number of competitors draw for the start management of the competition Alterations made in the rules P. M. for competitors Reception of the foreign guests. Meetings, etc. The Race Table showing the best 25 men in the race General Protocol Comparisons General Protocol of the Team Competition Comparative table of results gained by the nations represented Presentation of the prizes Reflections FENCING: Organization Rules for the fencing competitions Time Table for the fencing competitions The principles for the judging The technical arrangements The Fencing: Individual competition with foils Epée team competition Individual épée competition Sabre team competition Individual sabre competition Experiences gained by the competitions The relative position of the nations in the fencing competitions XII FOOTBALL: Page. The inclusion of football in the programme of the Fifth Olympiad The technical management of the competition Special arrangements for the Football competitions The Competitions: First round Second round Semi-finals Final Match for the third prize Consolation Series: First round Semi-Finals Final Results of the Football Competitions of the Fifth Olympiad Some General Reflections and Wishes GYMNASTICS: The Committee for Gymnastics Drawing up the Programme for Gymnastics General preparations; apparatus; dressing rooms; officials The Competitions and Displays: Team Competition I Sweden Norway Denmark General Protocol Team Competition II Luxemburg Hungary Germany Great Britain Italy General Protocol. Team Competition III Germany Norway Denmark Finland Luxemburg General