INTERNATIONAL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL JOURNAL Review Article ISSN: 2320 5091 Impact Factor: 5.344 CRITICAL REVIEW OF DOSH DHATU MALA AND AGNI W.S.R. OF HOMEOSTASIS IN AYURVEDA Vrushali Patil1, Praksh Chondikar2, Ujwala Jadhav3, Vishal Khandare4 1PG Scholar of Kriyasharir Dept. 2Professor and HOD of Kriyasharir Dept 3Associate Professor of Kriyasharir Dept 4Assistant Professor of Kriyasharir Dept. Shree Saptashrungi Ayurveda college, Nashik Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In Ayurveda equilibrium state of Doshas, Dhatus, Malas and Agni are considered as healthy state of an individual. Homeostasis of an individual also represents the equilibrium state in healthy individuals. Unbalancing state of these all are considered as pathological state or disease. In this universe everybody wants a long life. Ayurveda is the Science, which gives the knowledge about life along with the definition of life, explanation of joyful and mis- erable life, constructive and destructive life, long and short spans of life as well as their qualities and actions that prop up or move down its durability1. For the longevity of healthy life maintenance of equilibrium state (homeo- stasis) is necessary. Keywords: Prakriti, Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, Dhatusamya, Samyavastha, Homeostasis, Equilibrium. INTRODUCTION Homeostasis word derived from Greek, Homeo + Sta- Doshas at the time of fertilization. Prakritavashta sis, where “Homeo” means “Same or similar” and (physiological state) of an individual is only main- “Stasis” means “Standing Still”. “Homeostasis is the tained by the maintenance of homeostatic atmosphere. property of a system that regulates its internal envi- Prakriti of an individual represents the Doshik ronment and tends to maintain stable, constant condi- state individual. Ayurveda is aimed for mainte- tion of properties like temperature, pH, B.P., Respira- nance/restoration of Prakriti (Homeostasis). Prakriti tory Rate, Pulse Rate etc.” Concept of internal envi- is equilibrium of Dhatus i.e. Dhatusamya while the ronment is described as different types of personality imbalance state of Dhatus is known as Vikara or (Prakriti) in Ayurveda. Prkriti means nature or behav- Dhatuvaishamya. In healthy state the equilibrium of ior or personality of an individual, which is formed Dhatus, their function etc. is conserved while in dis- during the time of fertilization. Acharya Sushruta says eased state the disequilibrium of these Dhatus and that Prakriti is formed due to the predomination of their function takes place. This disequilibrium is to be Vrushali Patil et al: Critical Review Of Dosh Dhatu Mala And Agni W.S.R. Of Homeostasis In Ayurveda eliminated and equilibrium (Homeostasis) state is to he finds barriers on every side and can perhaps but be maintained for health. The most imperative pur- marvel, as St. Paul did nineteen hundred years ago, pose of Ayurveda is the maintenance of ibrium state of that “The world was created by the word of God so tissue elements. that what is seen was made out of things which did Aim: not appear.” 3 The ancient description of the human as To study the physiological significance of Dosh, a perfect example of the universe also implies that his Dhatu, Mala and Agni w.s.r. to Homostasis body is also a field of environment, as many events Objective: take place inside the body same as the external envi- 1. To understand concept of Dosh, Dhatu, Mala, and ronment. These internal and external environments Agni influence each other reciprocally. The two environ- 2. To understand concept of Homostasis ments are reciprocally influential, and they interact 3. To understand significance of Homostasis in with one another. Constant exchange of material also Ayurveda w.s.r. to Dosh Dhatu Mala and Agni takes place between them all the time, so that equilib- Materials and Methods: For present conceptual rium i.e., Homeostasis is maintaining. Man’s internal study literary material had been collected from Ayur- environment stimulates the process of adjustment in vedic textbook as him and customized his internal environment proper- 1 Charakasamhita ly. This process proceeds in the reverse direction also 2 sushrutasamhita almost simultaneously. When this internal environ- 3 Ashtangahrudayasamhita ment is appropriately customized with that of the ex- Review of Literature ternal i.e., the internal environment is at equilibrium Human being is the perfect example of the universe. state with external environment, that man is said to be There are six elements (Shaddhatu) responsible for in healthy state or Samyavastha (Homeosta- the existence of both human as well as the universe. sis).Whenever anyone fails to adjust his internal envi- Whatever the formed entities found in the universe; ronment with that of the external, this equilibrium they are also found in the human beings. Similarly, state (Homeostasis) get disturbed and leading to an the entities found in the human beings, are also found abnormal or pathological or diseased state i.e. in the universe2. The significant scientific view of Aswasthavastha. health and disease is the capability of the man to ad- The External Environment This universe (external just himself according to his environment. The ancient environment) is maintained because of three factors Acharyas came into sight with fully documented fact i.e., Sun, Moon and the Air. The Sun is absorbing in that the man, who is the perfect example of the uni- nature whereas the Moon is nourishing and strength- verse, is constitutes his own environment i.e., internal ening in nature. Air is responsible for all types of environment. Apart from it he is a viewer and a con- movements in the universe4. The external environ- tributor in its events as well as a subject to whom the ment of man is also constituted by Kala, Artha and universe outside serves as an object. While man is a Karma. Kala or time, in the present context refers to creature of his own environment, he also contributes Ritu or Seasons, and Artha to the objects of the sens- intentionally and instinctively in making of this whole es. Seasons are the natural global earth clock and the universe. “Man’ s inescapable impasse is that he him- rhythm of the world. Equinox and solstice make the self is part of the world. He seeks to explore, his body two main divisions of the seasons, which further di- and proud brain are mosaics of the same elemental vide into four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, win- particles that compose the dark, drifting dust clouds of ter) & these four again divided into six. The same sea- interstellar spaces, he is in the final analysis merely an sonal phenomenon is found inside the body of each ephemeral conformation of the primordial space-time living being in this world and give the internal seasons field. Standing between macrocosm and microcosm, (Homeostasis). According to Ayurveda the universe IAMJ: Volume 8, Issue 5, May - 2020 (www.iamj.in) Page 3545 Vrushali Patil et al: Critical Review Of Dosh Dhatu Mala And Agni W.S.R. Of Homeostasis In Ayurveda and all the things present in this universe are Panch- biophysical and biochemical reactions to the fivefold bhautika. The environment is constituted by material external stimuli with a view to harmonise our internal substances i.e. Panchamahabhuta. Whatever may be environment with the external. Karma is action and the nature of the chemical composition of substances events within and outside the body. The hyper (Atiyo- which constitute our environment, all of them have to ga), hypo (Heenayoga) and perverse (Mithyayoga) be determined ultimately into specific quanta of ener- correlation of Kala i.e. seasons; Artha i.e. objects of gy, corresponding to the minimal threshold stimuli of the senses and Karma i.e. actions, between them are each one of the five special senses, firstly to enable us the general causes which engender abnormal states of to cognise their existence, secondly to effect suitable health i.e. Roga5. The relation between Kala (season) responses in the body, and thirdly to determine our and Doshas are as follows: Doshas Sanchaya Prakopa Prashamana Vata Greeshma (May-June) Varsha (July-Aug) Sharad (Sep-Oct) Pitta Varsha (July-Aug) Sharad (Sep-Oct) Hemanta (Nov-Dec) Kapha Hemanta (Nov-Dec) Basanta (Mar-April) Greeshma (May-June) The Internal Environment of Man tive state of well being in which the harmonious de- Doshas, Dhatus and Malas are the basics of our velopment of the physical and mental capacities of body6. According to the ancient description human the individual lead to the enjoyment of rich and full body is constituted by the three Doshas or the func- li. Whereas in Ayurveda health is define as an equi- tion triad, the SaptaDhatus or the basic tissues librium state of all the Doshas, Dhatus and Malas. which form the substrate of the structure of the This equilibrium is Dhatusmaya. Disease is an im- body. Malas or waste products produce as a result of balance of all these. This imbalance is Dhatu- different metabolic process. Mana or mind is deter- vaishamya or Vikara10. Dhatusamya or Samyavastha mined by three gunas i.e., Satva, Rajas and Tamas, is characterized by a sense of relieve and pleasure which represent both the structure and functions of while Dhatuvaishamya or Vikara may be character- the mind. Just like universe, our body also main- ized by pain. Some Acharyas said that the Doshika tained by three humors i.e., Vata, Pitta and Kapha. (function triad) equilibrium represents the normal These Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the functional triad healthy condition. In the reverse direction, the im- of the body and perform the same action as the Sun, balance or the disturbed equilibrium of the Moon and Air perform in this universe respectively4. Tridoshas (function triad) indicates pathological or By this way the Vata, Pitta, Kapha maintain our diseased condition. According to the ancient de- internal Homeostasis and the Sun, Moon, Air main- scription of Ayurveda, Swasthapurusha is the person tain external environment (homeostasis).