INDEX ‘1 November [1993] decisions’, the 3, 13 ‘Brain drain’, the 80 n. 4 n. 14, 14, 57, 167, 190–194 Bush administration, the 51, 86, 94–95, ‘13 June 1997 Decisions’, the 10 n. 11, 193, 199 195 Bush, George, President 83, 93 n. 8, 94–95, 210 ACCI (Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) 150 CAD (Chinese Alliance for ACD (Australian Chinese Daily (Xinbao)) Democracy) 8, 26–27, 46, 79, 81–84, 30, 42 n. 4, 50 n. 2, 66 n. 13, 97, 99, 135, 86, 88–89, 96–97, 126, 129 nn. 1–2, 130 154 n. 32, 156–157, 161 n. 35, 181, 202, 209 nn. 8–9, 131, 145, 149 n. 27, 151, 155, 162– Activism 207–211 165, 167 n. 6, 169–170, 173–175, 177–179, ACTU (Australian Council of Trade Unions) 181–187, 193, 199, 204, 207–208 139 n. 15, 150 Case-by-case approach 39, 43, 45, 54, 57, Administrative Decisions ( Judicial Review) 59, 163, 167 n. 5, 186–187 Act 1977 112, 123, 126, 200 CASHR (Chinese Association for AIDAB (Australian International Safeguarding Human Rights) 96, 146, Development Assistance Bureau) 34, 179 133–135 Category 815 visa (the ‘pre-20 June ALP (Australian Labor Party) 139–140, group’) 10–14, 53, 127, 167, 191–192 160–161 Category 816 visa (the ‘post-20 June Amnesty International, the 151 group) 10, 13, 23, 51, 53, 127, 167, 173, Andrew Theophanous, Dr – see 192–195 Theophanous, Andrew Category 817 visa (refugee status) 10–11, ANU (the Australian National 12, 14 n. 15, 15, 23, 25–26, 29–30, 46, University) 104, 120–122, 126–128, 201 54–57, 60, 62, 69, 112–113, 115–117, Asian-Australian Consultative Council, 123–124, 125 n. 12, 127, 141, 147–148, 163, the 142 n. 19, 143 175, 178, 192–193 AustLII 107 n. 4, 110 Category 818 visa (highly qualified ‘Australia fever’, the 6 permanent visa) 14 n. 15, 192–193 Australian Chinese Daily (Xinbao) – see ACD CCP (Chinese Communist Party) 49, 50, Australian Embassy in Beijing, the 62–63, 66–67, 71–73, 82, 153–154, 156, 6 n. 7, 13, 35 169–170, 172, 175–176, 178 n. 12, 142, 179, Asylum 1–2, 5–8, 9 n. 9, 11–15, 17, 19, 181, 184–185, 204, 209–210 23–27, 29–30, 33–40, 42 n. 5, 43–47, CCYL (Chinese Communist Youth 50–51, 53–76, 78–79, 83–85, 88, 91, League) 176 97–99, 101, 103–104, 113–114, 116–118, Chan, Yee Kin 12 n. 12, 26, 103–104, 110, 120–121, 123, 125–126, 128, 131–132, 112, 114–116, 118–119, 124, 200 134–136, 142–145, 147 n. 26, 148, 159, Chan v Minister [1989] HCA 62 111–113 163–166, 170, 172–178, 181–186, 190, Chan’s case – see Chan, Yee Kin 192–193, 195–210, 215 Chee Kong Tong of China, the – see Zhigongdang Beijing Spring 130 n. 9 Chen, Yonglin 207 Berlin wall, the 114, 155 CHINANET 83, 85, 91 Birrell, Bob 191–193 China Spring, US-based magazine 81–83, ‘Blanket approach’ 149, 161, 163, 202 130 n. 9, 144, 165 Bob Birrell – see Birrell, Bob Chinese Alliance for Democracy – see CAD Bob Hawke – see Hawke, Bob Chinese activism – see Activism Bolkus, Nick 139, 149 Chinese Communist Party – see CCP 242 index Chinese Communist Youth League – see DIMA (Department of Immigration and CCLY Multicultural Affairs) (1996–2001) 194 Chinese Freemasons, the – see DORS (Determination of Refugee Status) Zhigongdang (Committee) 54, 109, 112–113, 145, Chinese Herald (Huasheng Bao) 50 n. 2, 192–193, 197 157–158, 173 ‘Chinese Human Rights Investigation East Asia Analytical Unit 150 Working Group’, the 46, 75 n. 19, 134 Electronic News for Chinese Students 83 n. 13 ELICOS (English Language Incentive China News Digest 79, 86 Course for Overseas Students) 5–7, Chinese passivity – see Passivity, Chinese 9–11, 13, 35, 38, 61, 72, 81, 87–88, 98, 122, ‘Chinese Revolutionary Alliance’, the – see 134, 136, 149, 168–170, 174, 176, 177 n. 12, Tongmenghui 178, 192 Chinese Student Protection Act, the – see Ellingson, Peter 33 n. 2 the ‘Pelosi Bill’ Emergency Chinese Immigration Relief Chinese Students Solidarity Campaign for Act of 1989, the 93 Democracy Inc., the 146 Environmental activism 18 n. 18, 20, 190 Civil activism 20 Cold War, the 114, 175 F-1 visa(s) 80, 83, 88 Collective of Self Help Groups – see FACSS (Friendship Association of Chinese COSHG Students and Scholars) 84–85, 199 Colombo plan, the 4 Falun Gong, the 205–207 Computer-mediated communication – see FCA – see Federal Court of Australia Network political activity FCFFPS (Federation of Chinese Full-Fee Congress of the USA, the 26, 79, 83, Paying Students) 61, 131, 149 n. 27 86–87, 91–92 FDC (Federation for Democratic Consumer activism 18, 190 China) 26–27, 45–46, 61, 67, 71, 79, COSHG (Collective of Self Help 96–98, 100, 126, 129 n. 1, 130 n. 7, 131, Groups) 175 135, 145, 149, 151–152, 154–155, 161–166, CND – see China News Digest 169–175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 186–187, 193, Crock, Mary 113, 115 203, 207–208 CSSCD (Chinese Students Solidarity Federal Court of Australia 103, 107, 109, Campaign for Democracy) 131 n. 11, 112, 122–123 146 Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 107 CSWC (Chinese Student Welfare Federation for Democratic China – see Committee) 131 n. 11 FDC Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), the 69, 110, 145 ‘Genuine refugee’ 29, 39, 42 n. 5, 43, 143 n. 21, 145, 163, 167 Decision-making unit 38, 197 Gerry Hand – see Hand, Gerry Democratic movement 19, 24, 82, 86, Global activism 20 98, 115, 120, 147, 151, 158, 163, 169–170, GMD (Guomindang) (Chinese Nationalist 178–179, 182, 186–187, 207 Party) 111, 178–179, 181 Deng, Xiaoping 122 n. 9, 129, 130 n. 4, 156 Gold Rush, the 3, 6, 105 DIEA (Department of Immigration and GRE (Graduate Record Examinations) 81 Ethnic Affairs (1976–1987) (1993– 1996) 112–113, 115, 132 n. 12, 191 Haichao Bao – see The Tide DILGEA (Department of Immigration, Hand, Gerry 125 n. 11, 128 n. 14, 139, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs) 149–150 (1987–1993) 12, 13 n. 14, 26, 30, 34, 37, Hawke, Bob 3, 12, 42 n. 5, 51–52, 87, 114, 42 n. 5, 45, 50, 52–53, 55–56, 58, 66, 129, 139, 142 n. 19, 159–160, 183 n. 15, 191 68–69, 99, 103–104, 112, 115, 121–122, 127– Hei wulei 68 n. 14, 70 128, 132 n. 12, 133–135, 141, 148, 170, 183 Hewson, John 130 n. 5, 142 n. 19.