European Council of Civil Engineers Working Group 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe Transport structures and infrastructures Air Transport - Air terminals - Airports - Aircraft Hangars - Airship Hangars - Control Towers - Wind Tunnels Return to Table of contents ECCE Working Group: 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe CNISF (France) Proposals on Air terminals (1/3) Le Bourget air terminal (Seine Saint-Denis). France (1937) Because air traffic was increasing and because the 1937 World Fair was to be held in Paris, a competition was launched in 1935 for the design of a modern air terminal in Le Bourget. The final result is the construction of a large building, 233 m long, 30 m large, comprising passenger transport hall, merchandises transport hall, and airport services and an air control tower. Reinforced concrete was widely used, as well as glass cobles for the roofs. The airport was partly destroyed during World War II, but reconstructed exactly. It is probably the oldest air terminal in Europe. To-day, the main building id used as the “Musée de l’air et de l’espace”. www.culture.gouv.fr Architects: Georges Labro, Christian Marchand Engineers: MM Car, de Chavagnac, Jozon, Guyard, Vayard, www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr ° Picture (Labro’s sketch) : Service historique de la défense° Orly South air terminal (Essonne). France (1961) Orly South terminal is the oldest one and the most remarkable one in the Orly Airport. It is built on “Route Nationale 7” and tracks are using devoted reinforced bridges for aircraft traffic. The terminal, widely opened to the tracks, comprises a main building (with a steel structure and glasses wall), 300 m long and 70 m large, with a pier on each side, 200 m long, for access to the boarding halls. This terminal, designed for passenger traffic only, was considered as an emblematic comfortable building of this kind. Architect : Henri Vicariot www.aeroportsdeparis.fr ° © Aéroports de Paris. Photothèque du laboratoire ° Charles de Gaulle air terminal 1 (Val d’Oise). France (1974) This terminal is the first one built on CdG Airport. The main equipment is a huge 5-stores cylindrical building, 140 m in diameter, in reinforced concrete, comprising all business and administrative offices, including the registration desks. This building shows a hollow cylinder in the centre, various connections operating through crossing escalators. It is linked to 7 satellites through long tunnels, each satellite comprising several boarding rooms. Charles de Gaulle terminal is mainly operated by foreign air companies. Architect/ Engineer: Paul Andreu www.aeroportsdeparis.fr ° © Aéroports de Paris. Photothèque du laboratoire ° DVD “Atlas historique des terrains d’aviation”. Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile Web general references : www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr http:// fr.wikipedia.org Georges Pilot (CNISF. France). February 2007 ECCE Working Group: 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe CNISF (France) Proposals on Air terminals (2/3) Charles de Gaulle terminal 2 ABCD (Seine Saint-Denis). France (1982-1993) Second air terminal of Charles de Gaulle airport, it comprises 4 similar buildings. Each building comprises a roof constructed with 9 reinforced concrete cells prepared at ground level, then lifted up at final level. This terminal is linked with a railways system comprising a TGV high speed Station and a metro station connected to Paris. Combined with the A1 highway link, the whole represents a very powerful multi-modal system. Architect-Engineer: Paul Andreu www.aeroportsdeparis.fr ° © Aéroports de Paris. Photothèque du laboratoire ° Nice Côte d’Azur airport terminal 1 (1999) The to-day terminal 1 is a spectacular rehabilitation of the previous old terminal1. Under passengers and business continuous operation, following steps were realised: - construction of a new steel roof, - passengers traffic zone rehabilitation, - construction of 6 new gangways. www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr ° www.nice.aeroport.fr © Photothèque DGAC-STAC./Alexandre Paringaux ° Charles de Gaulle terminal 2F (Seine Saint-Denis). France (1999) Terminal 2F opened to passengers service in 1999. At the first floor, terminal 2F comprises a large hall, 450 m long, 25 m large, mainly devoted to checking desks, which opens on 2 “peninsulas”, 140 m long, 45 m large, comprising boarding lounges, on which planes are arranged cross-wide. Peninsulas comprise an exceptional structure comprising light steel tubes and stainless glasses: they look like glass vessels! www.aeroportsdeparis.fr ° Architect: Paul Andreu. Structural engineer: Paul Muller Contractors: Spie-Batignolles, Vity-Fischer, CFM,.. © Aéroports de Paris. Photothèque du laboratoire ° CD-ROM “Atlas historique des terrains d’aviation”. Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile Web general references : www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr http:// fr.wikipedia. Georges Pilot (CNISF. France). March 2007 ECCE Working Group: 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe CNISF (France) Proposals on Air terminals (3/3) Nice Côte d’Azur airport. (Alpes Maritimes). Terminal 2 (2002) For the comfort of passengers, this new terminal is adapted to the Côte d’Azur light conditions. It comprises a series of concrete columns on which is adjusted an inverted steel truncated cone, covered with a glass facade. The central building is 103 m in diameter, and 25 m high. Architect-Engineer: Paul Andreu www.ccinice-cote-azur.com www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr ° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC./Véronique Paul ° CD-ROM “Atlas historique des terrains d’aviation”. Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile Web general references : www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr http:// fr.wikipedia. Georges Pilot (CNISF) March 2007 ECCE Working Group: 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe CNISF (France) Proposals on Airports (1/3) Toussus-le-Noble Airport (Yvelines). France. (1907) 1913 The airfield was created in 1907 by Robert Esnault-Pelterie, with Farman operator from 1909 to 1937. It comprises 2 tracks, 1350m and 1100m long, as well as international air services. It is an emblematic airport, with the first world airline Toussus-London/Kentley (1919). It was also the base of the Normandie-Niemen air regiment (1946). Since 1945, it is a Paris tourism/business airport. www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr ° http://ghtn.free.fr/aviation.htm °° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC/René Bouvier ° © Photothèque du Groupe Historique de Toussus-le-Noble °° 1938 Toulouse-Montaudran Airport (Haute-Garonne). France (1917) This emblematic airport was created when Latécoère airplanes factory extended for intense war contribution. It is especially well known as the operation base of the “Aéropostale”, epic company in charge, after World War I, of mail transport to Barcelona, Morocco cities, Dakar and Santiago-de-Chile. Equipped with a 1800m long track, it was used until 2003 by Air France for aircrafts maintenance. Some parts of Toulouse-Montaudran airport are recognized by the French register of historical sites. www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr ° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC ° Le Bourget 1960 Le Bourget Airport (Seine Saint-Denis). France (1919) As a military airfield since 1914, le Bourget airport is the oldest airport in France (10km north Paris). First air lines opened in 1919-20 to national and European destinations. A major extension was, in 1937, for the Word Fair in Paris. It re-opened to civil traffic in 1947, main French airport until 1952, when Orly airport opened. It comprises 3 air tracks, respectively 3000m, 2665m, and 1845m long. Now, since 1977, it is devoted to an intense business air traffic. The famous 1937 terminal it is now the head quarter of the “Musée de l’air et de l’espace”. www.aeroportsdeparis.fr ° www.mae.org © Aéroports de Paris. Photothèque du laboratoire ° ° CR-ROM “Atlas historique des terrains d’aviation”. Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile Web general references: www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr www.mae.org http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des-aeroports Georges Pilot (CNISF. France). March 2007 ECCE Working Group: 250 years of Civil Engineering Heritage in Europe CNISF (France) Proposals on Airports (2/3) Bordeaux-Mérignac Airport (Gironde). France In 1917, it was a military airfield, opened in 1920 to traffic to Paris, Spain and Marseille. Now, this airport is a comprehensive site equipped with 2 tracks, 3100 m and 2415 m long [1]. In 1939, it was one of the very first French airport equipped with a paved track. It comprises the international passenger and freight airport (6th French airport), an industrial site for aircrafts construction (Dassault), an Air Force base. Picture 2 (2000) shows part of the old air terminal and the old traffic tower. 1 2 www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr ° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC./Gabrielle Voinot ° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC / Véronique Paul ° Marseille-Provence Airport (Bouches du Rhône). France (1946) As soon as 1920, Marseille-Marignane airport was devoted to air traffic to Paris, Italy, Corsica and North Africa. Air-France hydroplanes used it intensely for a long time, as well as British aircrafts [1]. Marseille-Marignane airport was severely damaged during World War II, but it is now the 3rd French airport, equipped with 2 tracks, 3500m and 2370m long, partly built on the soft soils of the Vaine lake [2]. 1 2 www.mae.org ° www.stac.aviation-civile.gouv.fr °° © Musée de l’air et de l’espace- Le Bourget ° © Photothèque DGAC-STAC./Alexandre Paringaux, °° Orly Airport (Essonne/Val de Marne). France (1961). Orly airport is located 14 km south of Paris. First, since 1914, this place was a simple airfield, then a military airport until 1946, when “aérogare nord” and a new track, 2100m long, were constructed. Later on, it became a major airport, to-day the second one in France, mainly devoted to domestic traffic. Now, Orly airport comprises 3 air tracks, respectively 3650m, 3320m, 2400m long, and 2 air terminals: South terminal opened in 1961 and West terminal opened in 1971. Main 2005 figures are: 222 878 aircrafts traffic, 25 million passengers, 107 000 tons freight.