NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 Revised Aug. 2002 Expires 12-31-2005 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Railroads in North Dakota, 1872–1956 B. Associated Historic Contexts Railroad Development in North Dakota, 1872-1956 C. Form Prepared By Name/Title: Andrew J. Schmidt/Project Manager and Principal Investigator Andrea C. Vermeer/Historian Organization: Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. Street & Number: 1217 Bandana Blvd N. City or Town: St. Paul State: Minnesota Zip Code: 55108 Telephone: 651.644.8080 D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature and title of certifying official Date State or Federal Agency or Tribal Government I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of the Keeper of the National Register Date of Action NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) Expires 12-31-2005 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section: Table of Contents Page 2 Railroads in North Dakota, 1872-1956 Name of Property North Dakota, Statewide County and State TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR WRITTEN NARRATIVE Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and the title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Section Page Numbers SECTION E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS ................................................................................................. 5 I. RAILROAD DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1872-1956 ................................................................................ 5 SETTING THE STAGE: EARLY RAILROADS ..................................................................................................... 5 THE GOLDEN AGE: 1878 THROUGH 1916 .................................................................................................... 8 AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, 1872-1920 .............................................................................................. 17 FARMERS’ RAILROADS AND COOPERATIVES, AND RAILROAD REGULATION, 1890S-1920 .............................. 24 DEVELOPMENT OF RAILROAD TRADE CENTERS, 1872-1920 ....................................................................... 27 COMPETITION BETWEEN TRANSPORTATION MODES, 1920-1960 ................................................................. 31 RAILROAD ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................ 35 II. CHICAGO MILWAUKEE ST. PAUL AND PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY ......................................................... 44 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 44 III. FARMERS’ GRAIN AND SHIPPING COMPANY .................................................................................................... 48 IV. GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY .......................................................................................................... 50 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 50 PREDECESSOR LINES IN NORTH DAKOTA ................................................................................................... 50 GREAT NORTHERN IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1907-1970 .................................................................................... 56 V. MIDLAND CONTINENTAL RAILROAD COMPANY ............................................................................................... 61 VI. NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY ........................................................................................................ 64 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 64 VII. MINNEAPOLIS ST. PAUL AND SAULT STE. MARIE RAILWAY COMPANY ..................................................... 74 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 74 PREDECESSOR LINES IN NORTH DAKOTA ................................................................................................... 75 THE CONSOLIDATED SOO LINE, 1888-1910S ............................................................................................. 76 THE SOO LINE AFTER 1920 ...................................................................................................................... 80 SECTION F. ASSOCIATED PROPERTY TYPES ........................................................................................................ 82 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD CORRIDOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS .................................................... 82 II. DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 82 III. SIGNIFICANCE ..................................................................................................................................... 91 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................... 92 NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No. 1024-0018 (8-86) Expires 12-31-2005 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section: Table of Contents Page 3 Railroads in North Dakota, 1872-1956 Name of Property North Dakota, Statewide County and State I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD STATION HISTORIC DISTRICTS ..................................................... 102 II. DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 102 III. SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................................................... 104 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 105 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD YARD HISTORIC DISTRICTS ........................................................... 108 II. DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 108 III. SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................................................... 110 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 111 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD GRADE SEPARATION STRUCTURES ............................................ 115 II. DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 115 III. SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................................................... 120 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 121 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD DEPOTS ............................................................................................. 126 II. DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 126 III. SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................................................... 128 IV. REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 129 I. NAME OF PROPERTY TYPE: RAILROAD ENGINE HOUSES, TRANSFER TABLES, AND TURNTABLES ..... 133 II. DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................................... 133 III. SIGNIFICANCE ..................................................................................................................................