8 Allotropes of Carbon DIAMONDs are forever! ¾Eachblh blac kbk ball lli is a carb on atom ¾It tends to form a cubic lattice ¾It’s the har des t known nat ural mineral ¾It has a high dispersion of light ¾80% of mined diamonds are for industrial use as they are not of jewelry quality. ¾What do they use them for in industry? Carbon doesn’t always form into the shape of a cubic lattice. • In Fact , there are 8 different allotropes of carbon. • In Greek: “to draw/write” Graphite • A conductor • The most stable • Is used in pencils • Carbon forms in Hexagonal planes Lonsdaleite • Identified in 1967 in a meteorite found in an Arizonan crater • Beeeedtobelieved to be originally graphite • due to the heat and pressure upon impact, it turned to diamond but kept the crystal structure of graphite FULLERENES • Discovered 1985 by a team of scientists from the US and England • Shape of a hollow sphere • Referred to as “buckyballs” • Also known as C60. Why? • Use nano-technology to combine the atoms in this way • Hoppgeful for use in tackling melanoma and other tough cancers C540 allotrope • Like all fullerenes, C540 is a hollow spherical shape created using nanotechnology. • How many atoms of carbon are in it? C70 • AthAnother Nanotech creation • What do all Fullerenes have in common? Amorphous Carbon (Coal & soot) • Does not have any visible crystal structure or atomic arrangement of carbon atoms • Is found containing crystallites of graphite anddid diamond d( (so small , it’s often nano size) • Coal has different grades ranging from 55% - 90% pure carbon CARBON NANO- TUBES Stronger than diamonds Conduct heat well Can be made as either a conductor or semiconductor CNT’s (()Carbon NanoTubes) are now used for or being researched for…… • Clothes – waterproof, tear resistant cloth fibers • Military Combat Jackets – the ultra strong CNT fibers will monitor the condition of the soldier • Concrete – increases tensile strength and eliminates cracks • Polyethylene plastics • Sports equipment – lighter & stronger equipment as seen previously • SEltSpace Elevator – possibly ! It’s in th e pl anni ng st ages • Artificial muscles • Paper • LCD screens • Nano wires • Computer circuits • Air and water filters Phase Diagram for Carbon Carbon on the Periodic Table REFERENCES • http://webmineral.com/specimens/picshow.p hp?id=2926 ((g)lonsdaleite image) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featur ed_picture_candidates/Six_Allotropes_of_Car bon • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eight_Allo tropes_of_Carbon.png • http://www.answers.com/topic/fullerene • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotub e • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaniline Assignment • Divide into 8 groups as listed on the lab tables • You will be then assigned an allotrope of carbon to make with the kinex or marshmallows (ck funding) • You will be given the appropriate number of pieces to make your allotrope • Present your allotrope with some information on a poster board about it which you’ve researched on the internet!.