Florida Geological Survey Open-File Map Series No. 97-02 Florida Department of Environmental Protection LEGEND FOR GEOMORPHOLOGY OPEN-FILE MAP SERIES NO. 97-02 Ocala Karst District GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOLOGIC CROSS-SECTIONS FOR THE WESTERN PORTION Alachua Karst Hills OF THE U.S.G.S. 1:100,000 SCALE LAKE CITY QUADRANGLE, NORTHERN FLORIDA Within the map area, the Alachua Karst Hills extend from Columbia County to central Suwannnee County with elevations HILLCOAT GENOA BENTON FAIRVIEW from approximately 55 feet (16.8 meters) to over 200 feet (61.0 meters) above MSL (Scott, in preparation). The karst hills 2006 are well drained and formed in response to karstification of uplands covered by Hawthorn Group and undifferentiated ¨§75 sediments. BY ¦ Branford Karst Plain RICHARD C. GREEN, P.G. #1776, DAVID T. PAUL, WILLIAM L. EVANS III, P.G., THOMAS M. SCOTT, P.G., AND STEVEN B. PETRUSHAK . The Branford Karst Plain, located in the southern to southwestern and northwestern portion of the map area, extends south O C SU to the Santa Fe River on the Gilchrist County line (Scott, in preparation; Evans, et al., 2004). In the northwestern area, the WA N . N O O Branford Karst Plain occupies the Suwannee River Valley. The elevations range from less than 25 feet (7.6 meters) above NE T E R L C IV I A MSL along the Suwannee River to more than 100 feet (30.5 meters) above MSL. The Upper Eocene Ocala Limestone is SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ER M I ¨§10 A B near the surface in southern and southwestern part of the map area along with silicified float boulders, remnants of the Alt, D., and Brooks, H.K., 1965, Age of the Florida marine terraces: Journal of Geology, v. 73, no. 2, p. Miller, J.A., 1986, Hydrogeologic framework of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida and in parts of ¦ H M U Colleen M. Castille, Secretary L Lower Oligocene Suwannee Limestone. The Suwannee Limestone is exposed or near the land surface in the Suwannee 406-411. Georgia, Alabama, and South Carolina: Regional Aquifer-System Analysis: United States Geological O Walter Schmidt C River Valley. Survey Professional Paper 1403-B, Washington, 91 p., 33 plates. State Geologist and Chief Altshuler, Z.S., Dwornik, E. J., and Kramer, H., 1963, Transformation of montmorillonite to kaolinite LIVE OAK WHITE SPRINGS WHITE SPRINGS DEEP CREEK Okefenokee Basin District during weathering: Science, v. 141, no. 3576, p. 148-152. EAST WEST EAST Mitchell, C.L., 1965, Petrology of selected carbonate rocks from the Hawthorn Formation, Devil's Mill FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE MAP SERIES Hopper, Alachua County, Florida [Master’s thesis]: Gainesville, University of Florida, 51 p. Lake City Ridge Applin, P., 1951, Possible future petroleum provinces of North America - Florida: American Association of (O.F.M.S.) PRODUCED UNDER THE STATEMAP PROGRAM Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 35, p. 405-407. The Lake City Ridge, present along the eastern boundary of the map area, separates the Okefenokee Basin District into northern Pirkle, E.C., Jr., 1956, The Hawthorn and Alachua Formations of Alachua County, Florida: Florida and southern segments. It appears to be a barrier island or spit and is truncated by, and therefore older than, Trail Ridge (Pirkle Assefa, G., 1969, Mineralogy and petrology of selected rocks from the Hawthorn Formation, Marion and Scientist, v.19, p. 197-240. 10 and Pirkle, 1984). It is composed of undifferentiated Plio-Pleistocene siliciclastic sediments. Elevations of the Lake City ridge O.F.M.S. 83/01-07 ¦¨§ Alachua counties, Florida [Master’s thesis]: Gainesville, University of Florida, 80 p. range from 150 feet (45.7 meters) to over 200 feet (61.0 meters) above MSL. Sinkholes are present only on the western portion of O.F.M.S. 83/08-12 Pirkle, E.C., Jr., Yoho, W.H., and Hendry, C.W., Jr., 1970, Ancient sea level stands in Florida: Florida the ridge in the transition zone with the Alachua Karst Hills of the Ocala Karst District. Barr, G.L., 1992, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in Florida, May 1990: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 52, 61 p. O.F.M.S. 86 Geological Survey Map Series 138, Scale 1: 2,095,200. Northern Okefenokee Basin Pirkle, W. A., and Pirkle, E.C., 1984, Physiographic features and field relations of Trail Ridge in northern O O O.F.M.S. 87 C C LAKE CITY LAKE CITY MCALPIN WELLBORN Brooks, H. K., 1966, Geological history of the Suwannee River: Southeastern Geological Society, 12th Florida and southeastern Georgia: in Cohen, A.d., Cassagrande, D.J., Andrejko, M.J., and Best, G.R. (editors), E The Northern Okefenokee Basin lies to the north of the Lake City Ridge, the Alachua Karst Hills and the Branford Karst Plain. A WEST EAST N I E O.F.M.S. 88 DECLINATION DIAGRAM Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 37-45. The Okefenokee Swamp: Its Natural History, Geology and Geochemistry: Wetlands Surveys (publisher) Los B Northeast of the study area, the Okefenokee Swamp occupies much of the northern portion of the Okefenokee Basin from N N M Georgia into Florida. The northern portion of the basin is very flat with few hills. Hills become more common towards the MN Alamos, NM. A U O.F.M.S. 89 GN Ceryak, R., Knapp, M.S., and Burnson, T., 1983, The Geology and Water Resources of the Upper L W western and eastern boundaries of the area. Elevations of the basin range from less than 50 feet (15.2 meters) along the Suwannee O U Suwannee River Basin, Florida: Florida Geological Survey, Report of Investigation 87, 165 p. Puri, H.S., 1957, Stratigraphy and zonation of the Ocala Group: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 38, 248 S C River to more than 150 feet (45.7 meters) above MSL on some of the hilltops. Plio-Pleistocene siliciclastics underlie much of the O.F.M.S. 90 p. northern Okefenokee Basin but are poorly drained due to the near surface presence of the Hawthorn Group clayey sediments and O.F.M.S. 91 Champion, K.M, and Dewitt, D.J., 2000, Origin of nitrate in ground water discharging from Crystal Springs low relief. The Statenville Formation of the Hawthorn Group is at the surface in the western part of the basin (the northern portion 2? 0?45’ in west-central Florida - Draft, Brooksville, Southwest Florida Water Management District Report, 191 p. Puri, H.S., and Vernon, R.O., 1964, Summary of the geology of Florida and a guidebook to the classic of the map area). Karst features are uncommon throughout most of the basin. Karst features occur primarily in the transition zone O.F.M.S. 92 36 MILS 13 MILS exposures: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 5, revised, 312 p. with the Ocala Karst District where the Hawthorn Group is thin and breached by sinkholes. Colquhoun, D.J., 1969, Coastal plain terraces in the Carolinas and Georgia, U.S.A.: Wright, H.E., Jr., O.F.M.S. 93 editor, Quaternary Geology and Climate: Volume 16 of the Proceedings of the VII Congress of the Randazzo, A.F., and Jones, D.S., (eds.), 1997, The Geology of Florida: University Press of Florida, 327 p. International Association for Quaternary Research, v. 16, p. 150-162. Southern Okefenokee Basin O.F.M.S. 94 . Rupert, F., 1987, Geology of Union County, Florida: Florida Geological Survey, Open File Report 16, 13 ¨§75 O The Southern Okefenokee Basin lies to the south of the Lake City Ridge along the southeastern corner of the map area. Relief is Colton, Richard C., 1978, The subsurface geology of Hamilton County Florida with emphasis on the p. ¦ C O.F.M.S. 97 COLUMBIA ELLISVILLE N more pronounced in the southern basin with well-drained, low hills and intervening swampy lowlands. Elevations in the basin Oligocene age Suwannee Limestone: [Master’s thesis] Tallahassee, Florida State University, 185 p., 12 O'BRIEN O'BRIEN SE O (CURRENT STUDY AREA) I range from less than 75 feet (22.9 meters) near Olustee Creek to more than 160 feet (48.8 meters) above MSL on some of the plates. N Rupert, F., 1989, The geology of Hamilton County, Florida: Florida Geological Survey, Open File Report U hilltops. There are a series of erosionally dissected ridges (paleo-barrier islands) which mimic the shape of the Lake City Ridge Cooke, C.W., 1915, The age of the Ocala Limestone: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 27, 5 p. east of the map area in the Southern Okefenokee Basin. The basin is underlain by the Coosawhatchie Formation of the Hawthorn . 1:100,000 Scale Quadrangle Index 95, p. 107-117. CO Group and undifferentiated Plio-Pleistocene siliciclastics. The swampy nature of the low lying areas is due to the low BIA Rupert, F., 2003, The geology of Suwannee County, Florida: Florida Geological Survey, Open File Report UM permeability of the Hawthorn Group sediments. Karst features are present in the transition zones with the Ocala Karst District and OL Cooke, C.W., 1931, Seven coastal terraces in the southeastern United States: Washington Academy of C the Central Lakes District. CURRENT Sciences Journal, v. 21, p. 503-513. 86, 9 p. STUDY JACKSONVILLE 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 PERRY AREA Cooke, C.W., 1939, Scenery of Florida interpreted by a geologist: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 17, Rupert, F., Lloyd J., and Campbell K., 1993, Geologic map of Suwannee County, Florida: Florida Figure 1. Generalized Geomorphology of Study Area Kilometers 120 p. Geological Survey, Open File Map Series 33, Scale: 1:126,720. with 1:24,000 Scale Quadrangle Index Scale = 1:300,000 0 5 10 15 20 LAKE CITY Cooke, C.W., 1945, Geology of Florida: Florida Geological Survey Bulletin 29, 342 p.