AQA REVISION BOOKLET The Five Pillars of Islam ──── Shahadah ──── Salah ISLAM ──── Sawm PRACTICES ──── Zakah ──── Hajj Y11 REVISION ──── BOOKLET Festivals: Id-ul-Fitr ──── Name: Festivals: Id-ul-Ada Class: ──── Ashura ──── Jihad AQA Revision Booklet THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM A Summary The Five Pillars of Islam are the most important practices which Add a symbol to help you guide and inform many Muslims in their daily lives. Often, these remember and revise each of the are difficult to follow, but by following these five acts Muslims feel key pillars. Annotate each with any they’re following the will of Allah. The picture below is symbolic, information you already know. it reminds Muslims that Islam is built on these pillars; essentially, they are the foundations on which the religion is built. Shi’a Muslims follow The Ten Obligatory acts: Shi’a Muslims follow additional duties alongside the five pillars of Islam. These inform their daily lives. Task: Choose four additional acts and highlight them. Using four post-it notes, write down how the act may be carried out today and how this may influence/guide their behavior. Stick your post-it 1. Salah – prayer in the name of Allah. Most Muslims do this five times a day. notes here! 2. Sawm – fasting during the holy month of Ramadan. 3. Zakah – Charitable giving – Most Muslims gave 2.5% to charity. 4. Khums – a 20% tax on income once all expenses are deducted. Half goes to charity and half goes to Shi’a religious leaders 5. Hajj – pilgrimage to the Holy city of Mecca. 6. Jihad – the struggle to maintain the faith and defend Islam. For many Muslims this means the struggle to live by their faith as well as possible, for example by obeying the Five Pillars, contributing to the community or doing voluntary work. 7. Amr-bil-Maruf – encouraging people to do what is good. 8. Nahi Anil Munkar – discouraging people from going what is wrong. 9. Tawakkah – to be loving towards the friends of God, including Muhammad and the Imams. 10. Tabarra – disassociating from the enemies of God. The Shahadah Summarise in ten words! Sunni Muslims: The Shahadah is the Muslim declaration of faith. It expresses their core beliefs. It is the foundation of all the other pillars (that is why it is central). This is because without these beliefs, a Muslim wouldn’t be a Shi’a Muslims: Muslim and all the other pillars are not necessary (so they fall down). Successorship in Islam There are two main traditions in Islam: Sunni and Shi'ah. Sunnis make up THE SHAHADAH the majority of Muslims worldwide. The word 'Shi'ah' comes from a phrase meaning 'followers of Ali'. Ali was the Prophet's son-in-law and cousin. Historically, the different traditions come from a difference of opinion over This part is said by Sunni and who was to lead the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad's Shi’a Muslims. death. Sunni Muslims believed the Prophet's successor should be his father- in-law and friend, Abu Bakr. Shi'ah Muslims supported the Prophet's blood There is no other God but Allah relative, Ali, as his true successor. And Muhammad is his messenger. Both have relatively valid claims. Many believe that Muhammad told Abu Bakr to succeed him on his deathbed. Shi’a Muslims believe successorship This part is said by Shi’a should transfer through relatives. Muslims. Despite these historical differences, the two groups share many beliefs. For I bear witness that Ali is the beloved example, both groups believe in the oneness of Allah, the importance of the Prophet Muhammad andExam his Sunnah, focus: Remember the Five Pillars this of Islam and of Allah the Qur'an. quote!w And the rightful trustee of the There is no other God but Allah, and Prophet and his immediate Muhammad is his messenger. successor.’ This would influence a Muslim in their actions When do Muslims say the Shahadah? to… Uttered at the start of the day, start of prayer and for many Muslims at the start of any big task – such as driving a car or cooking a meal. It is also the only utterance needed to I bear witness that Ali is the beloved of Allah convert into Islam. Anyone who And the rightful trustee of the Prophet and his immediate wishes to convert simply needs a successor.’ witness to hear them recite this declaration. It is also encouraged to be the first This reminds Shi’a Muslims that… words in a baby’s ear and the final words uttered before a person dies. SALAH Muslims perform different types of movements/prostration. This Salah is the act of prayer. Shi’a Muslims pray five times a day. is called Ra’kah. Shi’a Muslims prayer three times a day as they combine two prayers. They combine the midday and afternoon prayers. Many Muslims perform additional prayers; this is called Dua. According to Islamic belief, Allah told the prophet Muhammad to prayer Salat Time fifty times a day! Muhammad knew Salat-ul-Fajr Between the first light of dawn and sunrise this would be too much to expect of Salat-ul-Zuhr After Midday his followers, so after much pleading, Salat-ul-Asr Mid-afternoon Allah offered a reduction to five. Salat-ul-Maghrib Sunset Salat-ul-Isha From one and a half hours after sunset The Prophet, peace be upon him, said The act of Wudu would influence a 'cleanliness is half of faith'. Wudhu is Muslim to… the ritual washing performed by Muslims before prayer. Muslims must be clean and wear good clothes before they present themselves before God. The cleanliness is symbolic of being pure and this enables Muslims to be fully focused on God. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said The act of Wudu would influence a 'cleanliness is half of faith'. Wudhu is Muslim to… the ritual washing performed by Muslims before prayer. Muslims must be clean and wear good clothes before they present themselves before God. The cleanliness is symbolic of being pure and this enables Muslims to be fully focused on God. Muslims can pray anywhere, but it is The act of Wudu would influence a especially good to pray with others in a mosque. Muslim to… Praying together in a congregation Some helps Muslims to realise that all ideas? humanity is one, and all are equal in the sight of Allah. Purification helps Follow the Qur’an Connect with Shows equality Reminds Muslims of people to pray and and the Hadiths and Muslims all over the between hundreds of Allah’s greatness and avoid sin. Prayer use it to inform their world all doing the millions of people all that everything relieves people of the lives. same round the world. comes form and weight of their sins. belongs to Allah. Sawm The Holy month of Ramadan is the most important time in the Islamic calendar. During this time, Muslims remember when the Angel Jibril began providing messages from Allah to the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) during the Night of Power (when Muhammad had his first interaction. These messages would later form the Qur’an. Muslims believe that their good actions bring a greater reward during this month than at any other time of year, because this month has been blessed by Allah. Why is remembering the time when Muhammad (pbuh) received the revelation important to Muslims? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. What is the importance of the Qur’an today? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. The Holy month of Ramadan ALTHOUGH MUSLIMS FAST DURING OTHER TIMES OF THE YEAR, RAMADAN IS THE ONLY TIME WHEN FASTING, OR SAWM, IS OBLIGATORY DURING THE ENTIRE MONTH FOR EVERY ABLE MUSLIM. RAMADAN IS INTENDED TO INCREASE SELF-CONTROL IN ALL AREAS, INCLUDING FOOD, SLEEPING, SEX AND THE USE OF TIME MUSLIMS GET UP EVERYDAY BEFORE SUNRISE IN How might this level of focus on a Muslims faith ORDER TO EAT AND DRINK ENOUGH TO KEEP THEM influence a Muslim today? GOING UNTIL SUNSET. THEN THE FAST IS BROKEN AND MUSLIMS ARE ALLOWED TO EAT UNTIL SUNRISE THE How they think? NEXT DAY. How they act? THE EVENING MEAL IS OFTEN SHARED WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS, THEN FOLLOWED WITH EXTRA PRAYERS How they feel? AND READINGS FROM THE QUR’AN. Fasting is a long and difficult process. During the month of Ramadan Muslims fast from dawn until sunset - that means eating nothing while it is daylight. In 2016 Muslims faced the "longest" Ramadan in 33 years, as the holy month coincided with the summer solstice, meaning long days of fasting. On average no food or drink for 16-19 hours during hot temperatures! This level of dedication shows love and commitment to Allah. However, it would be dangerous for some people to fast, which is why some are exempt: Children, pregnant women, the sick, the elderly and travellers don't have to fast. on your UK location. “The best way I can explain “When he meets his lord he “His fasting is for Me ...I will give Ramadan is this: to act as if we will be happy that he has the reward for it, and for every are standing in front of God 24 fasted.” good deed, he will receive ten hours a day.” similar to it." This suggests…. This suggests…. This suggests…. This suggests…. ZAKAH Zakah is 2.5% of a Muslim’s income and savings after they have taken care of their families. It is important to remember that zakah is not charity but an obligation. The rich pay more than those with less money and very poor people pay nothing at all.