University of Groningen Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration Published in: Astronomy & astrophysics DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202037493 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2020 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2020). Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution. Astronomy & astrophysics, 640, [A69]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037493 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 A&A 640, A69 (2020) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037493 & c J.-Y. Kim et al. 2020 Astrophysics Event Horizon Telescope imaging of the archetypal blazar 3C 279 at an extreme 20 microarcsecond resolution? Jae-Young Kim1, Thomas P. Krichbaum1, Avery E. Broderick2,3,4 , Maciek Wielgus5,6 , Lindy Blackburn5,6 , José L. Gómez7, Michael D. Johnson5,6 , Katherine L. Bouman5,6,8 , Andrew Chael9,10 , Kazunori Akiyama11,12,13,5 , Svetlana Jorstad14,15 , Alan P. Marscher14, Sara Issaoun16, Michael Janssen16, Chi-kwan Chan17,18 , Tuomas Savolainen19,20,1 , Dominic W. Pesce5,6 , Feryal Özel17, Antxon Alberdi7, Walter Alef1, Keiichi Asada21, Rebecca Azulay22,23,1 , Anne-Kathrin Baczko1, David Ball17, Mislav Balokovic´5,6 , John Barrett12, Dan Bintley24, Wilfred Boland25, Geoffrey C. Bower26, Michael Bremer27, Christiaan D. Brinkerink16, Roger Brissenden5,6 , Silke Britzen1, Dominique Broguiere27, Thomas Bronzwaer16, Do-Young Byun28,29 , John E. Carlstrom30,31,32,33 , Shami Chatterjee34, Koushik Chatterjee35, Ming-Tang Chen26, Yongjun Chen (H8军)36,37 , Ilje Cho28,29 , Pierre Christian17,6 , John E. Conway38, James M. Cordes34, Geoffrey B. Crew12, Yuzhu Cui39,40 , Jordy Davelaar16, Mariafelicia De Laurentis41,42,43 , Roger Deane44,45 , Jessica Dempsey24, Gregory Desvignes46, Jason Dexter47, Sheperd S. Doeleman5,6 , Ralph P. Eatough1, Heino Falcke16, Vincent L. Fish12, Ed Fomalont11, Raquel Fraga-Encinas16, Per Friberg24, Christian M. Fromm42, Peter Galison5,48,49 , Charles F. Gammie50,51 , Roberto García27, Olivier Gentaz27, Boris Georgiev3,4 , Ciriaco Goddi16,52 , Roman Gold53,42,2 , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz54, Minfeng Gu (~O峰)36,55 , Mark Gurwell6, Kazuhiro Hada39,40 , Michael H. Hecht12, Ronald Hesper56, Luis C. Ho (UPq)57,58 , Paul Ho21, Mareki Honma39,40 , Chih-Wei L. Huang21, Lei Huang (ÄÊ)36,55 , David H. Hughes59, Shiro Ikeda13,60,61,62 , Makoto Inoue21, David J. James63, Buell T. Jannuzi17, Britton Jeter3,4 , Wu Jiang (_悟)36, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales64, Taehyun Jung28,29 , Mansour Karami2,3 , Ramesh Karuppusamy1, Tomohisa Kawashima13, Garrett K. Keating6, Mark Kettenis65, Junhan Kim17,8 , Jongsoo Kim28, Motoki Kino13,66 , Jun Yi Koay21, Patrick M. Koch21, Shoko Koyama21, Michael Kramer1, Carsten Kramer27, Cheng-Yu Kuo67, Tod R. Lauer68, Sang-Sung Lee28, Yan-Rong Li (Nfc)69, Zhiyuan Li (N志远)70,71 , Michael Lindqvist38, Rocco Lico1, Kuo Liu1, Elisabetta Liuzzo72, Wen-Ping Lo21,73 , Andrei P. Lobanov1, Laurent Loinard74,75 , Colin Lonsdale12, Ru-Sen Lu (路如森)36,37,1 , Nicholas R. MacDonald1, Jirong Mao (毛úc)76,77,78 , Sera Markoff35,79 , Daniel P. Marrone17, Iván Martí-Vidal22,23 , Satoki Matsushita21, Lynn D. Matthews12, Lia Medeiros80,17 , Karl M. Menten1, Yosuke Mizuno42, Izumi Mizuno24, James M. Moran5,6 , Kotaro Moriyama12,39 , Monika Moscibrodzka16, Gibwa Musoke35,16 , Cornelia Müller1,16 , Hiroshi Nagai13,40 , Neil M. Nagar81, Masanori Nakamura21, Ramesh Narayan5,6 , Gopal Narayanan82, Iniyan Natarajan45, Roberto Neri27, Chunchong Ni3,4 , Aristeidis Noutsos1, Hiroki Okino39,83 , Héctor Olivares42, Gisela N. Ortiz-León1, Tomoaki Oyama39, Daniel C. M. Palumbo5,6 , Jongho Park21, Nimesh Patel6, Ue-Li Pen2,84,85,86 , Vincent Piétu27, Richard Plambeck87, Aleksandar PopStefanija82, Oliver Porth35,42 , Ben Prather50, Jorge A. Preciado-López2, Dimitrios Psaltis17, Hung-Yi Pu2, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan81, Ramprasad Rao26, Mark G. Rawlings24, Alexander W. Raymond5,6 , Luciano Rezzolla42, Bart Ripperda88,89 , Freek Roelofs16, Alan Rogers12, Eduardo Ros1, Mel Rose17, Arash Roshanineshat17, Helge Rottmann1, Alan L. Roy1, Chet Ruszczyk12, Benjamin R. Ryan90,91 , Kazi L. J. Rygl72, Salvador Sánchez92, David Sánchez-Arguelles54, Mahito Sasada39,93 , F. Peter Schloerb82, Karl-Friedrich Schuster27, Lijing Shao1,58 , Zhiqiang Shen (沈志强)36,37 , Des Small65, Bong Won Sohn28,29,94 , Jason SooHoo12, Fumie Tazaki39, Paul Tiede3,4 , Remo P. J. Tilanus16,52,95,17 , Michael Titus12, Kenji Toma96,97 , Pablo Torne1,92 , Tyler Trent17, Efthalia Traianou1, Sascha Trippe98, Shuichiro Tsuda39, Ilse van Bemmel65, Huib Jan van Langevelde65,99 , Daniel R. van Rossum16, Jan Wagner1, John Wardle100, Derek Ward-Thompson101, Jonathan Weintroub5,6 , Norbert Wex1, Robert Wharton1, George N. Wong50,90 , Qingwen Wu (4庆文)102, Doosoo Yoon35, André Young16, Ken Young6, Ziri Younsi103,42 , Feng Yuan (袁峰)36,55,104 , Ye-Fei Yuan (袁业飞)105, J. Anton Zensus1, Guangyao Zhao28, Shan-Shan Zhao16,70 , Ziyan Zhu49, Juan-Carlos Algaba21,106 , Alexander Allardi107, Rodrigo Amestica108, Jadyn Anczarski109, Uwe Bach1, Frederick K. Baganoff110, Christopher Beaudoin12, Bradford A. Benson111,31,30 , Ryan Berthold24, Jay M. Blanchard81,65 , Ray Blundell6, Sandra Bustamente112, Roger Cappallo12, Edgar Castillo-Domínguez112,113 , Chih-Cheng Chang21,114 , Shu-Hao Chang21, Song-Chu Chang114, Chung-Chen Chen21, Ryan Chilson26, Tim C. Chuter24, Rodrigo Córdova Rosado5,6 , Iain M. Coulson24, Joseph Crowley12, Mark Derome12, Matthew Dexter115, Sven Dornbusch1, Kevin A. Dudevoir12;y, Sergio A. Dzib1, Andreas Eckart1,116 , Chris Eckert12, Neal R. Erickson82, Wendeline B. Everett117, Aaron Faber118, Joseph R. Farah5,6,119 , Vernon Fath82, Thomas W. Folkers17, David C. Forbes17, Robert Freund17, David M. Gale112, Feng Gao36,64 , Gertie Geertsema120, David A. Graham1, Christopher H. Greer17, Ronald Grosslein82, Frédéric Gueth27, Daryl Haggard121,122,123 , Nils W. Halverson124, Chih-Chiang Han21, Kuo-Chang Han114, Jinchi Hao114, Yutaka Hasegawa125, Jason W. Henning30,126 , Antonio Hernández-Gómez1, Rubén Herrero-Illana127,128 , Stefan Heyminck1, Akihiko Hirota13,21 , James Hoge24, Yau-De Huang21, C. M. Violette Impellizzeri21,11 , Homin Jiang21, David John92, Atish Kamble5,6 , Ryan Keisler32, Kimihiro Kimura21, Yusuke Kono13, Derek Kubo129, John Kuroda24, Richard Lacasse108, Robert A. Laing130, Erik M. Leitch30, Chao-Te Li21, Lupin C.-C. Lin21,131 , Ching-Tang Liu114, Kuan-Yu Liu21, Li-Ming Lu114, Ralph G. Marson132, Pierre L. Martin-Cocher21, Kyle D. Massingill17, Callie Matulonis24, Martin P. McColl17, Stephen R. McWhirter12, Hugo Messias127,133 , Zheng Meyer-Zhao21,134 , Daniel Michalik135,136 , Alfredo Montaña112,113 , William Montgomerie24, Matias Mora-Klein108, Dirk Muders1, Andrew Nadolski51, Santiago Navarro92, Joseph Neilsen109, Chi H. Nguyen137, Hiroaki Nishioka21, Timothy Norton6, Michael A. Nowak138, George Nystrom26, Hideo Ogawa125, Peter Oshiro26, Tomoaki Oyama139, Harriet Parsons24, Juan Peñalver92, Neil M. Phillips127,133 , Michael Poirier12, Nicolas Pradel21, Rurik A. Primiani140, Philippe A. Raffin26, Alexandra S. Rahlin30,111 , George Reiland17, Christopher Risacher27, Ignacio Ruiz92, Alejandro F. Sáez-Madaín108,133 , Remi Sassella27, Pim Schellart16,141 , Paul Shaw21, Kevin M. Silva24, Hotaka Shiokawa6, David R. Smith142,143 , William Snow26, Kamal Souccar82, Don Sousa12, Tirupati K. Sridharan6, Ranjani Srinivasan26, William Stahm24, Antony A. Stark6, Kyle Story144, Sjoerd T. Timmer16, Laura Vertatschitsch6,140 , Craig Walther24, Ta-Shun Wei21, Nathan Whitehorn145, Alan R. Whitney12, David P. Woody146, Jan G. A. Wouterloot24, Melvin Wright147, Paul Yamaguchi6, Chen-Yu Yu21, Milagros Zeballos112,148 , Shuo Zhang110, and Lucy Ziurys17 (The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration) (Affiliations can be found after the references) Received 13 January 2020 / Accepted 3 March 2020 ? The data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg. fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A69 and at https://eventhorizontelescope.org/for-astronomers/data y Deceased. A69, page 1 of 21 Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society. A&A 640, A69 (2020) ABSTRACT 3C 279 is an archetypal blazar with a prominent radio jet that show broadband flux density variability across the entire electromagnetic