Twisted Documentation Release 21.7.0 Twisted Matrix Labs Jul 28, 2021 CONTENTS 1 Installing Twisted 3 1.1 Installing Optional Dependencies....................................3 2 Twisted Core 5 2.1 Developer Guides............................................5 2.2 Examples................................................. 320 2.3 Specifications............................................... 322 2.4 Development of Twisted......................................... 326 3 Twisted Conch (SSH and Telnet) 369 3.1 Developer Guides............................................ 369 3.2 Examples................................................. 377 4 Twisted Mail (SMTP, POP, and IMAP) 379 4.1 Examples................................................. 379 4.2 Developer Guides............................................ 379 4.3 Twisted Mail Tutorial: Building an SMTP Client from Scratch..................... 382 5 Twisted Names (DNS) 393 5.1 Developer Guides............................................ 393 5.2 Examples................................................. 403 6 Twisted Pair 405 6.1 Developer Guides............................................ 405 6.2 Examples................................................. 407 7 Twisted Web 409 7.1 Developer Guides............................................ 409 7.2 Examples................................................. 483 8 Twisted Words (IRC and XMPP) 485 8.1 Developer Guides............................................ 485 8.2 Examples................................................. 490 9 API Reference 491 10 Historical Documents 493 10.1 Twisted Core 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................... 493 10.2 Twisted Conch 14.0.2 (2014-09-18)................................... 493 10.3 Twisted Lore 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................... 493 10.4 Twisted Mail 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................... 493 i 10.5 Twisted Names 14.0.2 (2014-09-18)................................... 493 10.6 Twisted News 14.0.2 (2014-09-18)................................... 493 10.7 Twisted Pair 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................... 494 10.8 Twisted Runner 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................. 494 10.9 Twisted Web 14.0.2 (2014-09-18).................................... 494 10.10 Twisted Words 14.0.2 (2014-09-18)................................... 494 10.11 Twisted Core 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................... 494 10.12 Twisted Conch 14.0.1 (2014-09-17)................................... 494 10.13 Twisted Lore 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................... 494 10.14 Twisted Mail 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................... 494 10.15 Twisted Names 14.0.1 (2014-09-17)................................... 495 10.16 Twisted News 14.0.1 (2014-09-17)................................... 495 10.17 Twisted Pair 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................... 495 10.18 Twisted Runner 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................. 495 10.19 Twisted Web 14.0.1 (2014-09-17).................................... 495 10.20 Twisted Words 14.0.1 (2014-09-17)................................... 495 10.21 Twisted Core 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................... 495 10.22 Twisted Conch 14.0.0 (2014-05-08)................................... 497 10.23 Twisted Lore 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................... 498 10.24 Twisted Mail 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................... 498 10.25 Twisted Names 14.0.0 (2014-05-08)................................... 498 10.26 Twisted News 14.0.0 (2014-05-08)................................... 499 10.27 Twisted Pair 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................... 499 10.28 Twisted Runner 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................. 500 10.29 Twisted Web 14.0.0 (2014-05-08).................................... 500 10.30 Twisted Words 14.0.0 (2014-05-08)................................... 500 10.31 Twisted Core 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................... 501 10.32 Twisted Conch 13.2.0 (2013-10-29)................................... 502 10.33 Twisted Lore 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................... 502 10.34 Twisted Mail 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................... 503 10.35 Twisted Names 13.2.0 (2013-10-29)................................... 503 10.36 Twisted News 13.2.0 (2013-10-29)................................... 504 10.37 Twisted Pair 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................... 504 10.38 Twisted Runner 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................. 504 10.39 Twisted Web 13.2.0 (2013-10-29).................................... 504 10.40 Twisted Words 13.2.0 (2013-10-29)................................... 505 10.41 Twisted Core 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................... 505 10.42 Twisted Conch 13.1.0 (2013-06-23)................................... 506 10.43 Twisted Lore 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................... 507 10.44 Twisted Mail 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................... 507 10.45 Twisted Names 13.1.0 (2013-06-23)................................... 507 10.46 Twisted News 13.1.0 (2013-06-23)................................... 507 10.47 Twisted Pair 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................... 508 10.48 Twisted Runner 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................. 508 10.49 Twisted Web 13.1.0 (2013-06-23).................................... 508 10.50 Twisted Words 13.1.0 (2013-06-23)................................... 509 10.51 Twisted Core 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................... 509 10.52 Twisted Conch 13.0.0 (2013-03-19)................................... 510 10.53 Twisted Lore 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................... 510 10.54 Twisted Mail 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................... 511 10.55 Twisted Names 13.0.0 (2013-03-19)................................... 511 10.56 Twisted News 13.0.0 (2013-03-19)................................... 512 10.57 Twisted Pair 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................... 512 10.58 Twisted Runner 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................. 512 ii 10.59 Twisted Web 13.0.0 (2013-03-19).................................... 512 10.60 Twisted Words 13.0.0 (2013-03-19)................................... 512 10.61 Twisted Core 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................... 513 10.62 Twisted Conch 12.3.0 (2012-12-20)................................... 514 10.63 Twisted Lore 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................... 515 10.64 Twisted Mail 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................... 515 10.65 Twisted Names 12.3.0 (2012-12-20)................................... 515 10.66 Twisted News 12.3.0 (2012-12-20)................................... 516 10.67 Twisted Pair 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................... 516 10.68 Twisted Runner 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................. 516 10.69 Twisted Web 12.3.0 (2012-12-20).................................... 516 10.70 Twisted Words 12.3.0 (2012-12-20)................................... 517 10.71 Twisted Core 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................... 517 10.72 Twisted Conch 12.2.0 (2012-08-26)................................... 518 10.73 Twisted Lore 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................... 519 10.74 Twisted Mail 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................... 519 10.75 Twisted Names 12.2.0 (2012-08-26)................................... 519 10.76 Twisted News 12.2.0 (2012-08-26)................................... 519 10.77 Twisted Pair 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................... 520 10.78 Twisted Runner 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................. 520 10.79 Twisted Web 12.2.0 (2012-08-26).................................... 520 10.80 Twisted Words 12.2.0 (2012-08-26)................................... 520 10.81 Twisted Core 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................... 520 10.82 Twisted Conch 12.1.0 (2012-06-02)................................... 522 10.83 Twisted Lore 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................... 523 10.84 Twisted Mail 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................... 523 10.85 Twisted Names 12.1.0 (2012-06-02)................................... 523 10.86 Twisted News 12.1.0 (2012-06-02)................................... 524 10.87 Twisted Pair 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................... 524 10.88 Twisted Runner 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................. 524 10.89 Twisted Web 12.1.0 (2012-06-02).................................... 524 10.90 Twisted Words 12.1.0 (2012-06-02)................................... 525 10.91 Twisted Core 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................... 525 10.92 Twisted Conch 12.0.0 (2012-02-10)................................... 526 10.93 Twisted Lore 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................... 527 10.94 Twisted Mail 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................... 527 10.95 Twisted Names 12.0.0 (2012-02-10)................................... 527 10.96 Twisted News 12.0.0 (2012-02-10)................................... 527 10.97 Twisted Pair 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................... 527 10.98 Twisted Runner 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................. 527 10.99 Twisted Web 12.0.0 (2012-02-10).................................... 528 10.100Twisted Words 12.0.0 (2012-02-10)................................... 528 10.101Twisted Core 11.1.0 (2011-11-15).................................... 528 10.102Twisted Conch 11.1.0 (2011-11-15)..................................