TurkJZool 27(2003)101-140 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle ShellsofMolluscaCollectedfromtheSeasofTurkey MuzafferDEM‹R Alt›ntepe,HüsniyeCaddesi,ÇeflmeSokak,2/9,Küçükyal›,Maltepe,‹stanbul-TURKEY Received:03.05.2002 Abstract: AlargenumberofmolluscanshellswerecollectedfromtheseasofTurkey(theMediterraneanSea,theAegeanSea,the SeaofMarmaraandtheBlackSea)andexaminedtodeterminetheirspeciesandtopointoutthespeciesfoundineachsea.The examinationrevealedatotalof610shellspeciesandmanyvarietiesbelongingtovariousclasses,subclasses,familiesandsub fami- liesofmollusca.ThelistofthesetaxonomicgroupsispresentedinthefirstcolumnofTable1.Thespeciesandvarietiesfou ndin eachseaareindicatedwithaplussignintheothercolumnsofthetableassignedtotheseas.Theplussignsinparenthesesi nthe BlackSeacolumnofthetableindicatethespeciesfoundinthepre-Bosphorusregionandasaspecialcasediscussedinrespect of whethertheybelongtothatseaornot. KeyWords: Shell,mollusca,sea,Turkey. TürkiyeDenizlerindenToplanm›flYumuflakçaKavk›lar› Özet: Türkiyedenizleri(Akdeniz,EgeDenizi,MarmaraDeniziveKaradeniz)’ndentoplanm›flçokmiktardayumuflakçakavk›lar›,tür- lerinitayinetmekvedenizlerinherbirindebulunmuflolantürleribelirlemekiçinincelendiler.‹nceleme,yumuflakçalar›nde¤ifl ik s›n›flar›na,alts›n›flar›na,familyalar›navealtfamilyalar›naaitolmaküzere,toplam610türvebirçokvaryeteortayaç›kard› .Butak- sonomikgruplar›nlistesiTablo1’inilksütunundasunuldu.Denizlerinherbirindebulunmuflolantürlervevaryeteler,Tablo’nundeni- zlereözgüötekisütunlar›nda,birerart›iflaretiilebelirtildiler.Tablo’nunKaradenizsütununda,paranteziçindeolanart›i flaretleri, Karadeniz’in‹stanbulBo¤az›önünedüflenbölgedebulunmuflveözelbirdurumolarakbudenizeaitolupolmad›klar›tart›fl›lm›flt ür- lerigösterirler. AnahtarSözcükler: Türkiye,deniz,yumuflakça,kavk›. Introduction MaterialsandMethods Therewasalargequantityofunstudiedmolluscan Shellswerecollectedfromvariouslittoralzonesofthe shellsintheHydrobiologicalSectionoftheDepartmentof MediterraneanSea,theAegeanSea,theSeaofMarmara Biology,FacultyofScience,‹stanbulUniversity.Allhad andtheBlackSea.Collectionsfromthesupralittoraland beencollectedbytheauthor,asasideproject,onfishery mediolittoralzones,whicharecommonlyknownasthe researchexpeditionstotheseasofTurkeyanumberof sprayandintertidalzonesrespectively,weredoneby yearsagoandwerestoredforthepurposeofbeing pluckingfromrocks,diggingoutfromsoftbottoms, studiedataconvenienttimeinthefuture.Thesenearly pickingoutfrombeachdriftsandgatheringfromevery forgottenshellswereexaminedindetailinorderto kindofbottom.Theshellsfromsublittoralzones,the determinetheirspecies,topresentalistofthespecies zonesfromlowtideoutto200mdepths,wereobtained determinedandtopointoutthespeciesfoundineach byhandcollectingfromtheseabottom,washingof sea. brownweeds,overturningofrocksinshallowshore Themainobjectivesofthisstudywereasfollows:1) waters,andbydredgingandtrawlingindeeperwatersto Togiveageneralideaabouttheshell-bearingmolluscs adepthof125m.Dredgingsandtrawlings,which livingintheTurkishseasbasedontheshellscollected; providedthemajorityofthecollectedshellsbothin and2)tomakeacontributiontothepreparationofthe diversityandabundance,werecarriedoutbythe finalchecklistofmolluscsmentionedabove.However,a HydrobiologicalResearchInstituteof‹stanbulUniversity greatdealmoreworkwillbeneededbeforethe between1951and1982. realizationofthechecklistcanbeachieved. 101 ShellsofMolluscaCollectedfromtheSeasofTurkey Theexaminationsoftheshellswereperformedunder HydrobiologicalSectionoftheDepartmentofBiology, astereomicroscopewhennecessary.Thedeterminations FacultyofScience,‹stanbulUniversity. werecarriedoutusingthepublicationsgivenas Thespeciesandvarietiesfoundineachseaare references(1-468). indicatedwithaplussignintheothercolumnsofTable1 assignedtoeachsea. Results Theclassesofmolluscaandthepartitionofthe610 shellspeciesamongtheclasseswereasfollows: Theanalysesrevealedfiveclasses,tensubclasses,138 Polyplacophoraeight,Gastropoda388,Bivalvia206, familiesandmanysubfamiliesofmollusca,atotalof610 ScaphopodasevenandCephalopodaone.Thetotal shellspeciesandmanyvarietiesinthelittoralwatersof numbersofshellspeciesfoundineachseawereas theTurkishseas. follows:393intheMediterraneanSea,546intheAegean Thelistofthetaxonomicgroupsmentionedaboveis Sea,362intheSeaofMarmara,and99intheBlackSea. presentedinthefirstcolumnofTable1.Thecollection Theclassdivisionsofthespeciesfoundareshownin ofallspeciesandvarietiesinthelistisavailableinthe Table2. Table1. Listofthemolluscanshells:LMScollected:+fromtheTurkishlittoralwatersoftheMediterraneanSea(MS),theAegeanSea(AS),theSea ofMarmara(SM),andtheBlackSea(BS). LMS MS AS SM BS POLYPLACOPHORA LEPTOCHITONIDAE LEPTOCHITONINAE Lepidopleurus(Lepidopleurus)cajetanus (Poli,1791) + + ISCHNOCHITONIDAE ISCHNOCHITONINAE Ischnochiton(Ischnochiton)rissoi (Payraudeau,1826) + + CALLOCHITONINAE Callochitonseptemvalviseuplaeae(Costa,O.G.,1829) + + + LEPIDOCHITONINAE Lepidochitoncaprearum (Scacchi,1836) + + + Lepidochitoncinerea (Linné,1767) + + CHITONIDAE CHITONINAE Chiton(Rhyssoplax)corallinus (Risso,1826) + + Chiton(Rhyssoplax)olivaceus Spengler,1797 + + + ACANTHOCHITONIDAE ACANTHOCHITONINAE Acanthochitonfascicularis (Linné,1767) + + + var.exformacommunis (Risso,1826) + + + + GASTROPODA:PROSOBRANCHIA PATELLIDAE Patellacaerulea Linné,1758 + + + var.exforma subplana PotiezandMichaud,1838 + + Patellarustica Linné,1758 + + 102 M.DEM‹R Table1continued LMS MS AS SM BS Patellaulyssiponensis Gmelin,1791 + + var.exformaaspera Röding,1798 + + var.exformapontica Milaschewich,1914 ++ var.exforma tarentina VonSalis,1793 + + ACMAEIDAE Acmaea(Tectura)unicolor (Forbes,1844) + + + LEPETELLIDAE Lepetellalaterocompressa (DeRaynevalandPonzi,1854) + NERITIDAE NERITINAE Theodoxusdanubialis(Pfeiffer,1828) + Theodoxusfluviatilis (Linné,1758) + + + + SMARAGDIINAE Smaragdiaviridis (Linné,1758) + var.excolormatonis (Risso,1826) + + var.excolorlineata B.D.D.,1884exMonterosatoms. + + Neritid sp.1 + Neritid sp.2 + FISSURELLIDAE FISSURELLINAE Fissurellanubecula (Linné,1758) + var.exformasquamifera B.D.D.,1886 + DIODORINAE Diodoragibberula (Lamarck,1822) + + + Diodoragraeca (Linné,1758) + + + (+) Diodoraitalica (Defrance,1820) + + + Diodoraruppellii (Sowerby,1835) + EMARGINULINAE Emarginulaadriatica Costa,O.G.,1829 + + + Emarginulaoctaviana Coen,1939 + + Emarginularosea Bell,1824 + + (+) Emarginellahuzardii (Payraudeau,1826) + + SCISSURELLIDAE Scissurellacostata D’Orbigny,1824 + var.exformalaevigata D’Orbigny,1824 + + + Anatomacrispata Fleming,1828 + + HALIOTIDAE Haliotistuberculatalamellosa Lamarck,1822 + + var.exformabistriata Costa,O.G.,1829 + var.exformabisundata Monterosato,1884 + var.exformasecernenda Monterosato,1877 + var.excolormarmorata Costa,O.G.,1829 + + TROCHIDAE TROCHINAE Trochuserythreus Brocchi,1821 + Clanculus(Clanculus)corallinus (Gmelin,1791) + + + var.excolorbrunneus B.D.D.,1884exRéquienms. + + 103 ShellsofMolluscaCollectedfromtheSeasofTurkey Table1continued LMS MS AS SM BS Clanculus(Clanculopsis)cruciatus (Linné,1758) + + + var.excolornigrescens B.D.D.,1884exRéquienms. + + + var.excolorroseus Monterosato,1880 + Clanculus(Clanculopsis)jussieui (Payraudeau,1826) + + var.exformaglomus (Philippi,1844) + CALLIOSTOMATINAE Calliostoma(Calliostoma)conulus (Linné,1758) + + var.exforma striatum (Monterosato,1889) + Calliostoma(Calliostoma)dubium (Philippi,1844) + var.excolorolivaceum Monterosato,1889 + var.excolor?roseum Pallary,1911 + Calliostoma(Calliostoma)gualterianum (Philippi,1848) var.excolorcandidum (B.D.D.,1885exMonterosatoms.) + Calliostoma(Calliostoma)laugieri(Payraudeau,1826) + + var.exforma?seriopunctatum (Blainville,1830) + + ?Calliostoma(Calliostoma)virescens Coen,1933 + Calliostoma(Calliostoma)zizyphinum (Linné,1758) + + Calliostoma(Ampullotrochus)granulatum (VonBorn,1778) + + + (+) GIBBULINAE Gibbula(Gibbula)albida (Gmelin,1791) + + + Gibbula(Gibbula)ardens (VonSalis,1793) + + var.excoloralbida (Monterosato,1880) + Gibbula(Gibbula)magus (Linné,1758) + + + Gibbula(Colliculus)adansonii (Payraudeau,1826) + + + (+) ?Gibbula(Colliculus)adriatica (Philippi,1844) + Gibbula(Colliculus)spratti (Forbes,1844) + Gibbula(Colliculus)turbinoides (Deshayes,1835) + + var.excolorrosea (B.D.D.,1884exMonterosatoms.) + Gibbula(Forscalena)fanulum (Gmelin,1791) + + Gibbula(Forscalena)guttadauri(Philippi,1836) + + + Gibbula(Phorcus)leucophaea(Philippi,1836) + Gibbula(Phorcus)philberti(Récluz,1843) + + var.excolornigra (B.D.D.,1844exRéquienms.) + Gibbula(Phorcus)richardi (Payraudeau,1826) + + var.excolorpallida (B.D.D.,1884exMonterosatoms.) + var.excolorzigzag (B.D.D.,1884exMonterosatoms.) + Gibbula(Phorcus)varia (Linné,1758) + + var.excolormarmorata (B.D.D.,1884exRéquienms.) + Gibbula(Steromphala)divaricata (Linné,1758) + + + + var.exformastrangulata inR.Giannuzzi–Savellietal.,1994 + Gibbula(Steromphala)rarilineata (Michaud,1829) + + Gibbula(Tumulus)umbilicaris(Linné,1758) + + var.exformasoluta (Philippi,1836) + var.exformaandcolor soluta andconcolor + var.excolorconcolor (Philippi,1836) + 104 M.DEM‹R Table1continued LMS MS AS SM BS MARGARITINAE Daniliaotaviana (Cantraine,1835) + + MONODONTINAE Monodonta(Osilinus)articulata Lamarck,1822 + + var.excolorfulminea (Monterosato,1888) + var.excolorlineolata (B.D.D.,1885) + var.excolornigro andalboarticulata (B.D.D.,1885) + + Monodonta(Osilinus)mutabilis (Philippi,1846) + + + var.excolordivaricatoides Nordsieck,1974 + + + Monodonta(Osilinus)turbinata (VonBorn,1778) + + var.excolorzebra (B.D.D.,1885exWoodms.) + Clelandellamiliaris (Brocchi,1814) + + + Jujubinusexasperatus (Pennant,1777) + + + var.exformamonterosatoi (B.D.D.,1885) + + var.excolorcorallinusMonterosato,1884 + + + Jujubinusgravinae (Dautzenberg,1881)